Transcript The 5 Major World Religions

Characteristics of Civilization
• 1. Advance Cities: site of large volume trade
• 2. Specialized workers (skilled in one type of work)
• 3. Complex institutions (Gov’t, Law, Edu, Economy
and Religion)
• 4. Record keeping- Calendar, Merchants, Scribes
• 5. Technology- Wheel, plow, metal, sail boat
• (Irrigation=agricultural civilization)
Maps of early Civs
Maps of Early Civs
Early civilization terms
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Dynasty
Cuneiform
Fertile Crescent
City-State
Hammurabi’s Code
Judaism
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The Ancient Hebrews
Monotheism and the Covenant with God
Abraham & Moses
The Kingdom of Israel
The Torah (Old Testament)
The Rise and Impact of
Christianity
• Roots are found in Judaism and originates
in the same place.
• Monotheistic
• Trinity- Father, son and Holy Spirit
• Jesus Christ
• Bible, New and Old Testaments
Islam
“submission to the will of Allah”
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Prophet: Mohammad
Muslims
Holy book: Quran
5 pillars: Basic beliefs
Pilgrimage to Mecca
Sunni? vs Shi’a?: Branches of Islam
Moors: Spain
Mosque:
The “Golden Age” of Islam
- Advanced medicine
- Advanced Mathematics
- Advanced geography and navigation
Hinduism
• Origins of Hinduism in India, where it is
still found today.
• Polytheism vs. Monotheism
• Beliefs
– Reincarnation
– Caste System
– Brahman
Buddhism
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Origins of Buddhism in India.
The Buddha as an “enlightened” teacher.
Buddhism spreads to China and East Asia.
Beliefs
– Four Noble Truths
– Nirvana
– Desire of worldly things causes suffering
Unification of China
Confucius and the Social Order
• Confucianism -5 Basic relationships
Ruler and subject
Father and son
Husband and wife
Older brother and younger brother
Friend and friend
o filial piety
o bureaucracy
Other Ethical Systems:
• Legalism-preferred by the Qin Dynasty.
– Stressed strict adherence to the government
and law and order.
• Daoism
Natural order
Dao De Jing (The Way of Virtue)
“the Way” guides all things
alchemy, astronomy and medicine
Use of reason
 Laozi was founder
Warring City-States
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Political structure
A. Monarchy, Aristocracy, Oligarchy, Tyrants
B. Democracy
1. 621bc Draco; all Athenians under
the law
2. 594bc Solon; ended debt slavery
3. 500bc Cleisthenes; assembly
Athens vs. Sparta
• Sparta
– Emphasized military
– Most similar to Hitler Germany
• Athens
– Scholars, writers, artists
– Most similar to the United States political
system
Athenian (greatest height Age of Pericles) Education
A. Sons of wealthy families
B. Body development important
C. Girls educated at home
Sparta
A. South of Athens
B. Military state
C. 725 bc conquered Messenia; became helots
Significant People:
Science/Math/Medicine: Euclid, Pythagoras, Hippocrates
Philosophy: Socrates, Plato, Aristotle
Drama/Comedy: Sophocles, Aeschylus, Euripides
Historical Accounts: Herodotus, Thucydides
Major Features of Greece and
Rome
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Med. Sea
Athens
Rome
Jerusalem
Aegean Sea
Rome
• Julius Caesar – Overthrew the Republic and was named “Dictator
for life.”
• Augustus – First emperor of Rome & brought order after the Civil
Wars.
• Hannibal – Cartheginian general who crossed the Alps and invaded
Italy in the Punic Wars
• Causes of Roman Decline
A. Economy weakens
1. trade disrupted
2. new sources of gold and silver
3. inflation, unfertile land, food shortages and disease
B. Military and Political Turmoil
1. less disciplined and less loyal?
2. mercenaries?
3. less patriotic
Major Kingdoms of the early Middle
Ages
• Center of
Charlemagne’s
Empire
• Headquarters of the
Christian Church
• Parliament founded
• Dominated by the
Moors
Feudalism
• Reason for Development (Need for protection)
• Unifying force (The Christian Church)
• Growth of nation states (Stronger central
governments, expanded trade, decrease in
feudal power)
• Effect of the Crusades (Stimulation of trade)
• Craft Guilds (Quality standards were raised)
• The form of government in medieval Japan
Medieval People & Place
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Charlegmagne and the Franks
Joan of Arc
King John
William the Conqueror
Parliament
Crusades
• Justinian laws
• Patriarch vs. Pope
• Emperor Alexius Comenus’s Plea to
– Pope ??
• Holy Land reclaimed
– 1st 2nd or 3rd Crusade?
• Richard the Lion-Hearted vs Saladin in the
– 1st 2nd or 3rd Crusade?
• The Children’s Crusade
• Saladin & the fall of Jeruesalem
• The Effects of the Crusades:
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Increased trade between West & East
Increased worldview for Europeans
Increased use of a money economy
Initial increase in the power of the Church, but the
result of the Crusades weakens the Church’s
reputation.
Changes in Medieval Society
• The Guilds
– Organization of individuals in the same
business
– Merchants came together to keep prices up
– Wealth helped them gain influence over
government and economy
• Commercial Revolution
– Expansion of trade and finance
– Town fairs
– Trade to foreign lands
– Life in the city
– Large amounts of credit and cash
– Letters of credit
– Banking by Jews and Christians
• Genghis Khan
Mongols
– “_________ ruler”
• Kublai Khan
– Conquered…
• Marco Polo
– Told stories…
• Kublai Khans government positions
– He trusted…
Japanese Feudalism
• Samurai
– warrior
• Emperor
– head of gov. no real power
• Daimyo
– feudal lord
• Shogun
– military commander
• Bushido
– honor code
Han Technology and Agriculture
• Technology
– Paper for writing
– Collar harnesses
allowed horses to pull
more weight
– a two bladed plow was
more efficient
– Wheelbarrow, iron
tools and water mills
• Agriculture
– Population soared to
60 million
– Many people to feed
Byzantine life
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Remaining Eastern Roman Empire
Capital city was Constantinople.
Preserved the Greco-Roman culture
The home of the Orthodox Christian
Church
• Justinian – Created a lasting code of laws.
• Collapsed when the Ottoman ruler
Mehmed the Conqueror took
Constantinople.
Tang Dynasty
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Dynastic cycle- Han falls Tang rises
Reigned for over 300 years
Expansion was key
Dynastic cycle- Tang falls Song rises
Reigned for over 300 years
Dynastic cycle- Song falls to Kublai Khan
(Mongol Ruler post Genghis)
Tang and Song China
• Tang Dynasty lasted 300 years after the
Han
• Tang and Song Innovations
– Movable type, gunpowder, paper money and
magnetic compass
• Song Dynasty falls to Mongols
Renaissance
• Origin and reasons for the re-birth
• Humanism
• Works of Art from
– Michelangelo, Da Vinci, Raphael
• Northern Renaissance Artists
• Machiavelli: The Prince
• Humanism: Life on Earth and the afterlife
are important.
Renaissance People
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Galileo: Telescope
da Vinci: Mona Lisa and Last Supper
Gutenberg: Printing Press
Michelangelo: Sistine Chapel
Shakespeare: English author
Reformation
• Fundamental Causes
– Worldliness of the Catholic Church
– Luther’s concerns
• Selling of Indulgences
• Martin Luther’s religious doctrine: Faith alone
equals salvation
• Response to the Protestant Reformation:
Counter Reformation
• Henry VIII: Needed a male heir to the throne
• Results: Church was divided
Map work
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1. Where did the Renaissance begin?
2. Where did the Reformation begin?
3. Where did Calvin create a theocracy?
4. Where was the site of the creation of
the Anglican Church?
Reasons for Exploration
• God, Gold, & Glory
• The Ottomans role in cutting off trade from
the East and the need for new trade
routes.
• The increased technology available for
sea travel.
• The Portuguese and the Spanish lead the
way.
Explorers
• Dias: Cape of Good Hope
• Magellan: Circumnavigated the world
• Columbus: Thought he discovered a route
to Asia
• Cortez and Pizarro: Conquered Mexico
and Peru
Reasons for colonization
• 1. Raw materials
• 2. Spread Christianity
• 3. Prestige
Colonization
• England: ruled Present day Eastern coast
of the United States
• Spain: ruled present day Mexico
• France: ruled Present day Canada
• Portugal: ruled Brazil
Mercantilism
• self-sufficient nation
• gold/silver accumulation
• regulate trade (Exports vs. Imports)
(Tariffs)
• The importance of colonies to secure raw
materials
Ancient Africa
• Cultural Contributions: oral story telling,
music, jewelry
• Tribal Government
• Mansa Musa & the West African kingdoms
– Ghana
– Mali
– Songhai
Early America
• Locate the Mayans, Aztecs and Incas
• Importance of Pizarro and Cortez
• Be able to explain the characteristics of
the three great Early American civilizations