Transcript Ch 10: Inner and East Asia, 600

Ch 10: Inner and East Asia, 6001200 CE
Warm Up
1. Inventions like the horse collar reaffirm what idea
or livelihood? Why might that be a problem?
2. What city emerges as a trading hub in Italy? Who
do they trade with? Why?
3. Explain Pope Urban II speech:
4. How does this speech effect all people in Europe
(especially criminals)
5. Two religious groups fighting the Crusades:
6. 2 effects of the crusades:
7. How does Feudalism fall?
• I. Tang Empires, 618-755
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A. Tang Origins
Established in 618 CE
Influenced by Turks and Chinese Confucianism
B. Buddhism and the Tang Empire
Tang empire legitimized rule by using Buddhist ideas:
kings claimed they were spiritual agents who bring
their subjects into Buddhism
– Chang’an is the Tang capital and where trade routes
converged. Trade routes brought other people and
other cultures to the Tang
– Chang’an was the center of the tributary system,
political relationship which ind countries acknowledge
Chinese supremacy by payments (tribute)
– Tang government:
– General Li Shimin founded Tang dynasty
– Named Taizong – “Great Ancestor”
– Civil service exams
– Supported by government schools
– Forbidden to serve in native places “ rule of
avoidance”
– Limited to terms of 3 years
– Reduced power of great families
– Military based on Militia
– Revenue system – based on land tax
– Government monopoly on Salt, tea, and liquor
– Rebuilt road and canal network with post stations
Li Shimin
– C. To Chang’an by Land and by Sea
– Chang’an had over 1 million residents, roads and
canals were very important to trade, Indian Ocean
trade now begins to flourish
– Grand Canal:
– One of the world’s largest waterworks projects
before modern times
– Built to facilitate trade between northern and
southern China, (particularly to make the
abundant supplies of rice and other agricultural
products from the Yangzi River valley available to
residents of the northern regions)
– China’s rivers generally flow east to west so an
artificial waterway had to be built to facilitate
trade between north and south
Economic Exchange: The Grand Canal
• Linked Hangzhou in the south
with Chang’an in the west and
Zhou (near modern Beijing) in the
north
• Almost 1,240 miles, reportedly
forty paces wide, with roads
running parallel to the waterway
on either side
• Integrated the economies of
northern and southern China
which established an economic
foundation for political and
cultural unity
– Bubonic plague was brought from West Asia to
China by the sea routes
– D. Trade and Cultural Exchange
– Turkish people brought grape wine, tea, and
spices
– Because of trade China lost monopoly on silk and
began to trade cotton, tea (used to make paper
money), and sugar
– Roads, rivers, and canals were vital to trade in
Tang Empire; silk, porcelain, and lacquer were high
desired Chinese goods
Justinian and 2 Monks (silk production)
• II. Rivals for Power in Inner Asia and China, 600-907
CE
– A. The Uighur and Tibetan Empire
– Turkish group, Uighur, built an empire in Central
Asia
– Uighurs were known as: merchants and scribes
and were able to transact business in many
languages
– Tibet was a large empire, Tang and Tibet were
friendly
– Tibetan kings received a Chinese princess and
Buddhism spread through Tibet
– Tibet tries to eliminate Buddhism and fails but
loses relations with Tang
Uighur Ruler
– B. Upheavals and Repression, 750-879 CE
– Buddhist powers were broken and replaced by
Confucian ideologies
– Reason: Buddhism was seen as undermining the
family system (no tax, no army) and eroding the
tax base by accumulating tax free land and
attracting too many to be monks and nuns.
Buddhism legitimized women’s participation in
politics.
– Wu Zhao: took control of the government and
made HERSELF emperor with the support of
Buddhism
– Crackdown of Buddhism-scholars could paint Wu
in a bad light so women could not get many rights
Wu’s Empire
– C. End of the Tang Empire, 879-907 CE
– 907, Tang state ended and regional governors
established their own rule (Feudalism)
– East Asia was cut off from communication and
trade
• III. The Emergence of East Asia, to 1200 CE
– A. Liao and Jin Challenge
– After the fall of the Tang, Liao, Jin, and Song
empires emerge
– Liao state: strong military state based on
Buddhism and Confucius ideas
– Forced the Song dynasty to give annual payments
of cash and gifts in return for peace
– Song helped the Jurchens defeat the Liao,
Jurchens established Jin Empire which turned into
the Song Empire
– Song Empire 1127-1279
– B. Song Industries
– Technological Innovations based on mathematics,
astronomy, and calendar making
– Chain driven mechanical clocks told time of day/
day of month
– Improved on the compass
– Built the sternpost rudder and watertight
bulkheads
– Song empire had a standing, professional trained,
regularly paid military. Song used iron, steel, and
gunpowder
Fire Lance
Warm Up
1.
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3.
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5.
6.
7.
8.
Religion of the Tang Dynasty:
Capital of Tang:
Founder of the Tang:
Impact of Civil Service Exam:
Military of Tang:
Importance of the Grand Canal:
Wu Zhao:
Why did the Tang rid the empire of
Buddhism?
– C. Economy and Society
– Song society was dominated by civilian officials
and put more emphasis on civil than military
– Neo Confucianism:
– Stressed morality as highest goal
– Hostile to outside influences and ideas
– Stress on traditionalism
– Emphasized rank, obligation, deference, and
gender distinctions
– Civil Service Exam and Impact:
– Broke the dominance of hereditary aristocracy by
allowing men to be chosen for government based
on merit
– Movable type: Song government was able to print
paper money and texts
– Song empire population rose to 100 million
people, cities were large and crowded but well
maintained
– Hangzhou became a great Song city with great
population and trade
– Credit system called flying money: paper money
also the use of credit
– Merchant elite arise because of taxation and
money now comes from trade not agriculture
– Role of Women: declined during Song period,
women were subordinate to men and lost rights
to own property; remarriage was forbidden; feet
binding
Life in China
• Footbinding
 Symbol of women’s
subjugation
 Started with upper classes
 Began around age 5-6
 Limited women’s mobility
 Practice spread to peasant
class
 Seen as attractive- unbound
feet would severely limit
marriage prospects
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qy60cJciN
HQ
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U3hqKDH
zYWc&feature=related
• IV. New Kingdoms in East Asia
– A. Korea
– Korea absorbed Confucianism and Buddhism from
China and passed them to Japan
– Korea invented moveable type which it passed on
to Song China
– B. Japan
– Yamato clan was first to unite Japan
– Native religion of Japan Shinto survived alongside
Buddhism
– Role of Women: women of aristocracy became
royal consorts, royal women took over after
husband’s death
– By 1000 CE warrior classes become wealthy and
powerful. Warriors fight for land and established
their own rule.
– Kamakura (Kanagawa) shogunate eventually wins
and establishes control of Japan
– C. Vietnam
– Fast growing rice in Vietnam is able to grow twice
a year. Champa rice is given to the Song Dynasty in
China
– Education of women was considered valuable
• Writing Prompt:
½ page compare and contrast the Tang and
Song Dynasties.
• Explain both similarities and differences