Transcript memory - Waukee Community School District Blogs

MEMORY
 Memory: input, storage, and retrieval of what has been
learned or experienced
 Encoding: transforming of information so nervous system
can process it
 Storage: process by which information is maintained over
period of time
 Retrieval: process of obtaining information from storage
 Three Stages:
 Sensory
 Short-term
 Long-term
Three Stages of Memory
 Sensory: brief memory storage (1-2 seconds) immediately
following initial stimulation of a receptor
 Iconic: holds visual information
 Echoic: holds auditory information (easiest to remember)
 Eidetic: photographic memory
 Purpose of Sensory Memory
 Prevent from being overwhelmed, only retain important
information
 Gives you decision time
 Continuity and stability
Three Stages of Memory
 Short-Term memory: memory that is limited in capacity to
about seven items and in duration by subject’s active
rehearsal
 Maintenance Rehearsal: repeating a number
 Chunking: grouping items to make them easier to remember
 Primacy-Recency Effect: able to recall info presented at
beginning and end of a list
Three Stages of Memory
 Long-Term Memory: storage of information over
extended periods of time; Decays at age 75
 Semantic Memory: knowledge of language, including its
rules, words and meanings
 Episodic Memory: memory of our own life
 Declarative Memory: stored knowledge that is called forth as
you need it
 Procedural Memory: storage of learned skills that does not
require conscious recollection
Improving Memory
 Elaborative Rehearsal: linking new information to what
you already know
 Distributed practice: study a little at a time
 Avoid studying similar material together
 Mnemonic Devices: techniques for using associations to
memorize and retrieve information
Forgetting
 Decay: fading away of memories over time
 Interference: blockage of a memory by previous or
subsequent memories or loss of retrieval cue
 Repression: Painful, shameful, traumatic memories
purposely forgotten
 Amnesia: loss of memory after blow to head or brain
damage
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Dissociative: psychological trauma, no biological explanation
Infantile: before age 3, forget most memories
Anterograde: prevents formation of new memories
Retrograde: forget memories from before the trauma
Videos
 Eyewitness Testimony
 Endless Memory