Transcript General concepts. Classtime team time to re

Creating User Interfaces
General issues.
Classwork/homework: embedded
computing project
Interlude
• Use of webcam (getUserMedia)
– http://faculty.purchase.edu/jeanine.meyer/moreh
tml5examples.html
• Why do the mirror?
Cognitive load
• What does the user need to know and/or
remember?
– Remember
– Do--Operational skills
–?
• Area of active research
Memory
• Short term memory different from long term
memory
– experience
– Functional MRI
• Notion: 7 plus or minus 2 things…
• Chunking
• Process of connecting a fact (face, operation)
with something else is what makes something
long term memory.
Memory tricks
• Chunking (grouping)
• Put new memories on a known, fixed,
structure.
– House
– Map
• Me: senators
– Map of USA
– categories
Mis-direction
• General concept
• One particular type of mis-direction called the
Stroop effect
– http://faculty.purchase.edu/jeanine.meyer/Proces
singJS/colortesting.html
Recognition vs Recall
• Notion that users can more easily recognize
something from a (short) list of options versus
recalling.
• Less error prone
Refrain on errors
• How to prevent? Being pro-active
• How to recover
– Ways to present possibilities, for example,
confirmation operation.
– Some errors can be detected by the program,
some not.
– How to backup efficiently
Network effects
• Going from single application on one device to
• Application with connections, required or
optional with other applications
– Example: use Facebook for login (authorization)
• May lead to posting information
– Example: backup, store, retrieve from iCloud,
Google Drive, other
• Applications present on multiple devices with
some/considerable sharing
– Example: Duolingo common status
Network effects
Expectations and training; We now are willing
and expect to
• enter password twice
• get option to save password, other
information
• Click on highlighted
• use dropdown menus
• click on maps
• Put parking receipt back in car
• More?
Network effects
• [Even in these special purpose, embedded
applications]
• Option in ATM to send receipt using email
– Option to set up to always do this.
– Option to set up first screen
• Other?
Timing
• Real-time
– Immediately, no perceived delay (latency)
• Look up definitions!
– Embedded applications often need to be real-time
• Database operations
– Need to prevent clashes while minimizing waits.
– Avoid deadly embrace
• Two or more threads each waiting for the other to
complete a task
Paying parking, other: Now and
future
• Pay via
– Recorded credit card, EFT, Paypay, bitcoin
• Pay by touching phone
• Pay NOT explicit
– recorded automatically when car pulls in and
leaves. Does this happen anywhere?
–?
Voting machines
• Was move to optical scanner from lever
machines good?
– Positive features?
– Negative features?
• Why not online at site or not at site?
Internet of Things
• Evolving set of protocols for connecting
devices over Internet or other networks
• See http://embeddedcomputing.com/articles/internet-thingsrequirements-protocols/
• Responsiveness, scalability, robustness, etc.
extra requirements over [merely] connecting
computers and other mobile devices
[More] Applications
• Military
• Medical
• Other
• May assume users are trained!
Computer information system
• Old definition, but still has value
• CIS includes
– Hardware
– Software
– People
– Procedures
Documentation
• 1-pager
– SUMMARY: what were you studying? What were
the tasks (or some of the tasks)? Who were the
subjects? What was the most
important/surprising/anticipated findings?
• PROOFREAD
– Photograph(s) of interface, environment (if
important)
• Presentation: more details, but still “major on
the majors”.
– Details then analysis and summary
Analysis
• Consider & Talk about
– Usability definition(s)
• Effectiveness, efficiency, satisfaction
– Cognitive load
– Networking effects
– Error prevention and recovery
– Timing
– Interactions of people and [intended] procedure
with hardware and software
– More
Classwork
• What are your plans? What is your approach?