Transcript gurvinderslides

Emerging Trends in
Computer Science
Dr. Gurvinder Singh
Reader, Deptt of Computer Science
& Engineering,
GNDU, Amritsar
Emergence of I.T.
Industrial Revolution (1900-1950)
Green Revolution (1960-1980)
Information Revolution (1980-till now)
INFORMATION




An ASSET
All the Business possible on Internet
Virtual offices
Wireless Computing PDA’s GPS way finders
MOBILE COMPUTING
Application Demands
Sequential Processing
1 CPU
 Simple
 Big problems???

•There are three ways to do anything faster:
Work harder
Work smarter
Get help
Data Parallelism

Applying the same operation simultaneously to elements of a
data set
Control Parallelism

Applying different
operations to different
data elements
simultaneously
In computers …
• Work harder => increase the processor
speed
• Work smarter => use a better algorithm
• Get help => use parallel processing
Parallelism levels
 CPU
– Multiple CPUs
– Multiple CPU cores
– Threads – time sharing

Memory
– Shared
– Distributed
– Hybrid (virtual shared memory)
PARALLEL COMPUTING
(i) Design of Scheduling algorithms
(ii) Simulator based design of scheduler
(iii) Speed up of execution using AMDAHL’s
Law & Gustafson’s Law
(iv) Clustering
(v) GANG Scheduling
(vi) PARAMETRIC STUDY of algorithms
Major Areas are
SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
(i) METRICS DESIGN
(ii) Object Oriented Analysis and Evaluation
(iii) Evaluation of Metrics
(iv) Software Comprehension
(v) Reengineering Issues
NETWORK SECURITY
Issues
(i) FIREWALL implementation
(ii) Analysis of Cryptographic Techniques
(iii) Levels of Security Layered wise.
(iv) Implementation of Security at O.S.level, Database
level, Programmer level, user level.
(v) Identification of Security Threats & corresponding
action.
DATABASE DESIGN &
ARCHITECTURE
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
Multimedia Databases
Distributed Databases
Knowledge based Databases
NLP
Query Optimization
Bio Informatics
VLDB
Security Issues
Future belongs to
EMBEDDED SYSTEM

Used for Single, Well defined Task

Combination of H/w & S/w

H/w is CUSTOM BUILT(Customised)
Categories of Embedded Systems
1. Stand alone
I/P can be electrical signals from sensors
Or
Commands from hurmans
O/P can be electrical signals to drive other
system
Or
some LED or LCD display
2. Real time E./S Result or O/P in specific time
3. Mobile devices: Handheld PC’s , Palmtops.
Requirements of E.S
1. Low Power Consumption Due to Battery supply
2. Efficient use of Processing Power
3. Efficient use of MEMORY
4. Appropriate Execution time
5. Cost effectiveness
6. Reliability
Challenges in development of
Embedded Software
1. Choice of fns for H/w & S/w Which fns to be
performed by H/w & which fns to be
performed by S/w so co designing is required
and quite complex.
2. Embedding an Operating System Services
such as Memory mgmt, I/O mgmt and process
mgmt. are to be combined with Assembly &
HLL Also API’s to interface with different.
Applications.
3. Code optimization for faster execution & less
memory occupation.
4. Efficient I/O Input devices have limited
Functionality, Small Keypads with 8-12 Keys
Output also consist of small LCD displaying
only 8-12 char/line. So writing embedded S/w
with no I/o device such as Keyboard or
display is Complex.
5. Testing & Debugging Very complex in
Embedded Systems S/w can’t be tested
on TARGET Hardware So SIMULATION
of Field Conditions is very Challenging
POSITIONS IN I.T
Embedded Systems
System Designers and Co Designer’s required
1.
Functions earmarked for H/w
2.
Functions earmarked for S/w
(1) Mobile Software designer
(2) Automobile’s Engine Monitoring
(3) Digital Cameras
(4) Robotics
(5) PDA’s
II Software Testing Professionals
(1) Ability to write Test scripts
(2) Ability to design test plans
(3) R & D based positions
III Network Planners & Managers
1. Site Surveys
2. Configuration Planners
3. Topology optimizers
4. Routing and Protocol design
Issues
5. Network Security Control
6. N/w Administration
7. Compatibility Issues
IV. EDP Professionals
1. OLAP
2. Data Warehousing
3. Data Mining
4. MIS & DSS based tool Designing
5. GIS based designing
V) WEB MANAGERS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Web Advertising
Web Hosting
Site managers
Virtual office managers
User groups
E-Commerce & M-Commerce
EPS based facilities
(VI) IPR based position
1. Cyber Crime Acts regulators
2. Cryptographic Solution providers
3. Ethics based solutions
(VII) Ergonomics based positions
1. Electronic & Cyber doctors
2. Ergonomics research
THANKS