Transcript Powerpoint
Retrieval DO NOW • Explain the difference between iconic and echoic memories. Storage: Sensory Memory Iconic Memory a momentary (less than 1 sec) sensory memory of visual stimuli Echoic Memory momentary (3-4 sec) sensory memory of auditory stimuli Test your iconic memory • I will flash the next picture for just ¼ of a second. • DON’T BLINK • After the image flashes we’ll return to a white screen and you can tell me everything you saw. Outline Outline Did you pay attention to everything? Outline Friday’s CW Friday’s CW Retrieval – Bringing information from LTM back to STM 3 types of Retrieval: Recall • Type of retrieval in which you must search for information that you previously stored • “Calling” a memory back into conscious awareness • Like the Jeopardy game show or fill in the blank tests 3 types of Retrieval: Recognition • Type of retrieval in which you must identify items you learned earlier • Easier than recall – you only need to identify the information • Multiple choice and matching tests 3 types of Retrieval: Relearning • Type of retrieval in which the amount of time is measured for recall • 10 min to memorize definitions for chapter test • 5 minutes to memorize for midterm - even if can't recall or recognize, still takes less time to memorize the second time Priming • Context can lead us to remember certain facts in certain ways • I can remember a trip to Florida by seeing a fan boat, an alligator, sunny beach, or seeing a picture of Disney. • Our memories make a web of pathways in our brains and we can take different paths to get to the same places. • The more we learn and more we practice retrieval, the better framework we have for new memories Priming Context Effect • The enhanced ability to retrieve information when you are in an environment similar to the one in which you encoded the information. • Lucky kippsters get to take SAT exams at their school A group of scuba divers was divided into two groups. One group was read a list of words on land, the other was read a list when they were underwater The group who heard the list on land, could recall more on land than in the water. The group who heard the list in the water, could recall more in the water than on land. Context Effect State Dependent Memory • The enhanced ability to retrieve information when you are in the same physical and emotional state you were in when you encoded the information. • The retrieval state is congruent with the encoding state • Example: If you encode info when you are cheerful, you can remember better when you are cheerful. • Alcohol works this way too • Different memories can be primed by different emotions – Thinking back to elementary school when you are happy vs. when you are sad