Transcript mind from brain

MIND - MENU
• Select MIND TOPICS from MENU on LEFT
MIND
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BRAIN
• WHAT IS THE MIND?
“MIND” is a synchrony of consolidating energy yielding an information-state
that rises above and beyond all other brain functions yielding:
-CONSCIOUSNESS WITH SELF AWARENESS,
-MEMORY OF SENSORY INPUTS AND MOTOR CONSEQUENCE,
-MEMORY RETRIEVAL,
-EMOTIONAL ASSOCIATIONS WITH MEMORIES,
-COGNITION- AS FRAME-WORKS OF UNDERSTANDING,
-DECISION-MAKING FOR SPEECH & BEHAVIOR,
-INTELLECT.
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BRAIN & MIND
Emergence of CONSCIOUSNESS
out of the functioning brain is the
primary characteristic of the
MIND. The energy source of
MIND arises from temporal
occurrence of cerebral neuronal
activity associated with sensory
inputs and cognitive processing.
CONSCIOUSNESS
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BRAIN
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MIND & CONSCIOUSNESS
• The mark of MIND is consciousness. The common basis for
recognizing the existence of MIND is sensory stimuli followed by
voluntary-motor activity as judged by others. A conscious MIND
occurs when sensory receptors send inputs through the sensory
thalamus to respective cerebral cortices. In parallel, MIND initiates
motor control for eye movements and extensor muscles (e.g.
standing).
• There are two main sensory sources: the external environment and
from self. Vision, audition, taste and olfaction report, largely, on the
external world while sensory-self inputs arise from body surface and
internal receptors. Hyper-stimulation of any one sensory system
focuses awareness to that system. In addition, the MIND selects
which sensory inputs are of primary focus even though the signal
maybe weak. Most often, our senses operate at subliminal levels of
AWARENESS with minimal MIND determined attention.
• Besides incoming sensory inputs, the conscious MIND recalls
memories of previous sensory experiences and compares them to
current inputs in order to reinforce consciousness.
NERVOUS SYSTEM
MIND
INPUTS
OUTPUTS
SENSORY-MOTOR
NS
BRAIN
Angular
SELF Linear
MOTION
COLD
SELF HOT
WARM
COOL
SELF
TOUCH
SELF
PRESSURE
SELF
SELF
SELF
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C
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SPINAL
CORD
MUSCLE
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Striated
Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth
Transmitter
Synapses
GLANDS
Sweat
Lacrimal
Respiratory
Digestive
Uro-genital
POSITION
Muscle
TENSION
Hormones
PAIN
ENDOCRINE
TARGET ORGANS
BEHAVIOR
ENVIRONMENT
ODOR
VISION
SOUND
TASTE
MIND, BRAIN,
BODY
• The brain controls the bulk of
motor actions of the body
through reflexes and
programmed behaviors. The
MIND is an emergent
consciousness rising above and
beyond brain function to make
decisions for behavior and
speech. The MIND assembles
sensory inputs, memories and
emotions into frameworks of
understanding, cognition, that
form the intellect.
EMOTIONS & VALUES
consciousness
COGNITION
MIND
DECISIONS
MEMORY
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PROGRAMMED
BEHAVIOR & SPEECH
BRAIN
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FUNCTIONAL COMPONENTS
The conscious MIND is based
in sensory inputs, memory
storage and recall. The MIND
associates emotions to
memories and stores them in
the emotion based cerebral
cortex (cingulate gyrus).
Memories are recalled by the
MIND and are then used in
making decisions for initiating
motor actions of behaviors and
speech and for cognition in
creating frameworks of
understanding, yielding
intellect.
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MIND, SENSORY INPUT & MEMORY
• MEMORY is a central pillar of the conscious MIND. The MIND has the ability to
assemble, store and recall MEMORY. Only the conscious and dreaming MIND
contribute to memory storage. Sensory inputs, emotion, consequence of behavior
and cognition are recorded in MEMORY.
• Sensory inputs are processed in primary cortices for differences to previous inputs
that have been stored in memory. Visual memories are stored as collage scenes of
multiple small images of shapes that are literally drawn-out by eyes movements
following margins of objects such as faces or objects. The small area of fovea, as
compared to reflex-inducing peripheral retina, restricts formation of scene images
although some report photographic memory. Scenes are compiled from small
detailed images. Auditory memories are valued according to emotional associations,
sound frequency patterns, loudness and direction.
• Associational cortices that surround the primary sensory cortex process inputs for
detail of each respective sensory modality. These associational cortices store
complex inputs providing access to detailed memory recall.
• Numerous other sensory modalities generate arrays, although highly localized, are
distributed over broad areas of the cerebral cortex.
• Memories associated with high-emotional levels are most lasting and are easiest to
recall. Most memories are lost or distanced if they are not reinforced by associational recall or lack an emotional counterpart. MIND without inputs from sensory
systems or memory recall has difficulty to sustain consciousness and lacks ability to
make decisions. Memory is the grist for planning and imagination by the MIND.
SOME MIND & MEMORY
RELATED REGIONS
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MEMORY & FORGETTING
• Memory of events is continually undergoing a natural
progression of forgetting. Parking your car each day in
a large garage of scattered stalls produces numerous
memories of locations. We recall the most recent
memory of parking by the strength of the memory for
locations among previous days. The forgetting process
is the clearing of “attention memory” by a temporal
process of declining strength for memory recall of
previous image memories. On the contrary, memories
associated with strong emotional events remain most
retrievable in recall. Also, the more often that an event
is recalled, the stronger is the memory. This is a
common technique for learning and reinforcement of
long-term memory.
MIND & EMOTION
The principal measures of conscious EMOTIONS are generated according to
pleasure and displeasure principles. Sensory inputs, memories and consequence of
motor events are assigned VALUE as based on emotion. EMOTIONS are classified
in the hippocampus and amygdala by comparison between incoming and
hippocampal image memories as well as for other sensory modalities. Primary visual
and auditory cortices have major connections to the hippocampus. Thus, images
(faces and locations) are processed in the hippocampus for familiarity (friend or foe)
and then in the amygdala for determining fight or flight via autonomic expression by
the hypothalamus.
These emotional responses are carried to the hypothalamus via the fornix and then to
anterior group nuclei in the thalamus for projection onto the emotion cortex
(cingulate gyrus).
Conscious EMOTIONS are processed and stored in the cingulate cortex. The
emotional response of sensory inputs produce strength of associations to past events
so they can be readily compared with current sensory inputs. Memories associated
with high-emotions are most lasting and are easiest to recall.
MEMORY STORAGE
• The mechanism of memory storage is the strength
of neuronal connections of circuits. MEMORY
has two fundamental domains: 1) very short, as
physiological electrotonic properties at synapses,
and 2) reorganization of physical connections at
synapses that modifications of synaptic contact
area via molecular reorganization for presynaptic
neurochemical liberation and postsynaptic
receptor insertions or deletions changing the
strength of pathway connections. Receptors at
synapses are constant in numeer but the relative
number shift between synapses on each neuron.
MEMORY RETRIEVAL
• Memories are continually being accessed during
consciousness and dreaming states. Retrieval is
strongest in associations that: 1) are linked to
current sensory input, 2) high emotions associated
with these inputs, 3) ongoing motor activity and 4)
placement in composition of cognitive frameworks of understanding.
MIND AND COGNITION
The INTELLECT of mankind is in cognitive capacity. The
MIND has resources to assemble, yet, unqualified sensory
and motor memories into a “framework of understanding”,
COGNITION. The MIND recalls memories according to
emotions, spatial-temporal domains and consequences of
actions and then uses them to conceptualize temporal
processes and structural order. Memories are processed for
COGNITION in passage to the medial dorsal thalamus and
to working memory in the frontal lobe. Furthermore, the
frontal lobe extrapolates sensory memories, motor
experiences and emotional responses into PREDICTION
yielding higher levels of INTELLECT. Foretelling
consequence as PREDICTION is the mark of the
intellectual MIND. Fundamental to this process is the ability
to IMAGINE by projecting understanding into a VISION
that extends beyond the known.
MIND AND MOTOR DECISIONS
A central role of MIND is initiation of self-serving motor
control for survival and reproduction. Behavior and speech are
initiated by the conscious MIND through DECISION-MAKING.
Behaviors arise from reflexes and brain defined patterns of
movement. Yet, it is the MIND that makes decisions to
initiate voluntary behavior, speech and to lesser degree
modulates reflexes. When the MIND is not operating such
as during sleep or unconsciousness, all voluntary reflexes
are quiescent. When the MIND becomes conscious, sensory
awareness returns and the MIND initiates antigravity
sensory-motor reflexes as well as behaviors and speech.
Programmed behaviors carry values that are determined by
the Mind and used for decisions in initiation of movements.
The MIND is involved in training high level patterned
movements by observing conscious trials and judging
consequence of actions.
MIND AND CONSEQUENCE
The gold standard of decision making for initiating behavior
by the MIND, is CONSEQUENCE. Each outcome of
MIND-determined actions is assigned values that have been
gained from memories of past experiences. Pleasure and
displeasure principles add emotional value that characterize
consequence. These emotions of memories bolster MIND’s
ability to predict the outcome of initiated behaviors.
Predictions of consequence are generated from
combinations of sensory/motor memories and their
associated emotions placed in the cognitive domain.
Consequence determines the level of motivation that the
MIND uses in decision-making to initiate subsequent motor
actions. The MIND is the decision maker of motor learning
with gains being made by trials and observation of results.
MIND & VALUES
The MIND uses VALUES to make decisions for initiation of
movements that express our behavior and speech. MIND related
values become our character and represent the basis of our personality.
The MIND-VALUE generation system is the foundation of the
concsience. The MIND associates motor outcomes to memories for
establishing ACTION-VALUES. Sensory-motor reflex organization of
the BRAIN lacks a value system. Nevertheless, the MIND evaluates
outcomes of reflex actions and programmed movements according to
consequence via sensory receptor input strengths, correlations to
stored memories, pleasure or displeasure, and emotions.
These VALUES are further influenced by culture as well as by
maternal/paternal inputs that instill additional value “for the greater
good of the species”. These VALUES are recalled in association with
each memory. Together, values and consequence of actions, constitute
a MIND-VALUE system.
INTELLECT & MIND
Four components of MIND
lead to INTELLECT:
SENSORY INPUT and
SENSORY MEMORY
inducing consciousness;
EMOTION generation that
places value on sensory
memories and cognition;
COGNITION compiling
frame-works of
understanding; DECISIONMAKING determining
speech & behavior.
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MIND AND BEHAVIOR
• All behaviors are restricted by nerve to muscle synapses or nerve to
gland synapses for secretions. Behaviors are a combination of: 1)
involuntary reflexes of voluntary muscle groups, 2) autonomic control
of involuntary muscle and glands, 3) patterned movements of
voluntarily muscle that are programmed in the brain and 4) MIND
decisions initiating movements and speech. The MIND’S power to
reason, formulate cognition, and make decisions for initiating
patterned movements is the base of expressing behavior and speech.
While most behaviors are controlled involuntarily as either hard wired
reflexes or as programmed movements from basal ganglia, the MIND
selects behaviors and initiates high level patterned movements as
decisions of the MIND. The MIND uses consequence and pleasure
principles to determine behavior selections for initiating behaviors
that dictate our personality. In addition, MIND decisions are
modulated by Mind-states such as depression or hyperactivity that are
defined by levels of brain chemistry. Once initiated, behaviors from
basal ganglia play-out according to the program, so much so, they can
be difficult to interrupt. Examples are laughing, crying, certain
patterns of movement and other emotional expressions.
BRAIN - BODY - MIND
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MIND & MOTIVATION
• MIND-determined motivations arise from three principle sources: need for
food, sexual fulfillment, and self-esteem. Homeostatic reflexes control much of
our basic survival behaviors that include respiratory, cardiac, GI and urinary
function as well as fight or flight actions. Willful behaviors are based on each
individual’s need to fulfill food, sexual and self-esteem desires.
• The principal drive is self-esteem and this underlies all willful behaviors. From
birth, the MIND is seeking to fulfill the need for food. As the conscious MIND
matures, the reinforcement of self-recognition becomes the central means for
gaining self-esteem. The individual’s needs for reinforcing self-esteem repeat
every few minutes to hours.
• The fulfillment of the self-esteem need comes from within self, but is mostly
reinforced externally from others. These reinforcements can be positive, but too
often, negative reinforcement become the only means for the individual to
receive the required self-esteem. Whether these individuals become bullies and
position themselves outside of nominal society or else subordinate themselves,
depends on the strength of negative assaults and the strength of the individual’s
personality. The direction of personality development by positive reinforcement
is most successful but must be done with an understanding of stimulus
consequence.
MIND, SOUL AND SPIRIT
• During unconsciousness or sleep, MIND lacks signs of existence, yet,
the conscious MIND appears in direct relationship to increased rate of
EEG brain activity. While there is no material representation of
MIND, neuronal activity in cortical circuits generates an emerging
state of energy that carries self-serving consciousness, sensory and
motor memories, emotions, and understanding. The conscious MIND
also carries a system of values that is used in making decisions for
sensory attention and motor actions of behavior and speech. The
expression of these values, throughout life and at death, passes to the
SOUL to emerge as the individuals SPIRIT. The spirit of the
individual exists in the minds of others and in antiquities after the
energy of MIND subsides at brain death.
• Religion is represented in the MIND by FAITH and BELIEFS in
historical events and in predictions of future consequences.
SOUL - SPIRIT
SPIRIT
SPIRIT
SPIRIT
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SOUL
VALUES
consciousness
REASON
MIND
MEMORIES
DECISIONS
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SENSORY
INPUT T OR
SENSORY
INPUT
BRAIN
REFLEXES
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Behavior
Reflexes
Traditionally, the concept of
SOUL and SPIRIT is defined
by religion. The understanding that MIND emerges as an
informational energy-state
out of functional circuitry
and initiates actions by
decisions gives us a window
into the scientific basis for
SOUL and SPIRIT. Beyond
brain & MIND, the SOUL
emanates as an impression of
the individual’s character and
values that build over the
individual’s lifetime. The
SOUL is the imprint of
MIND-expression through
induction of motor patterns
forming behavior. The
SOUL lives in antiquities
after brain function and the
MIND are lost.
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Emanating out of and
above the SOUL is the
individuals SPIRIT. The
individual’s values,
action levels and
behaviors, that were
produced by the MIND
in life, are represented as
the SPIRIT. The SPIRIT
of individuals is the
inspiration, whether
good or bad, representing
the trail of behaviors that
was expressed through
the individual’s
personality in life. The
spirit resides in the
MIND and memories of
others after brain
function is lost.