Transcript The Periodic Table of Elements

The Periodic Table of
Elements
Not just a table, the key to
matter!!!!!!!
Here it is again
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Smwlzw
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Chemical Families
• Elements within
the same family
on the periodic
table have similar
properties
because they
have the same
number of
valence electrons
Alkali Metals
Group 1
•
•
•
•
•
Single electron in their outer shell
Soft, silver-white, and shiny
Can be cut with a knife
Good conductors of heat and electricity
So highly reactive they are never found
free in nature
• Violent reaction in water
Alkaline Earth Metals
Group 2
• They have 2 electrons in their outer shell
• Not quite as reactive as the alkali metals
because they loose 2 electrons when
combining chemically
• Never found free in nature because they
are so reactive
• Calcium and magnesium are important
part of this family
The Transition Metals
Groups 3-12
• They have two electrons in their outer
shell except Cr, Cu, Nb, Mo, Ru, Rh, Ag,
PT, and Au have one.
• These share electrons when they combine
chemically
• Conduct heat and electricity
• Many are familiar: gold, silver, zinc, iron,
nickel, copper, and tin
Zinc
Boron Family
Group 13
• They have 3 valence electrons in their
outer shell
• Boron is metalloid, while aluminum, and
the rest of the family are metals
• Aluminum is the most abundant metal and
the 3rd most abundant element in the
Earth’s crust
• Family includes; boron, aluminum, gallium,
indium, and thallium
Carbon Family
Group 14
• Has 4 valence electrons in their outer shells
• Carbon is a nonmetal, silicon and germanium
are metalloids
• Carbon makes over 5 million different
compounds and is the “basis of life”
• Silicon is the second most abundant element
in the Earth’ crust, important in computer
chips
• Family includes carbon, silicon, germanium,
tin, and lead
Nitrogen Family
Group 15
• Have 5 valence electrons in their outer shells
• Tend to share electron when they chemically
combined
• Nitrogen is the most abundant element in the
earth’s atmosphere
• Phosphorus is an active nonmetal that is not
found free in nature
• Family includes: nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic,
antimony, and bismuth
Oxygen Family
Group 16
• Have 6 valence electrons in their outer shell
• They share electrons when chemically
combined
• Oxygen is the most abundant element in the
Earth’s crust and second most abundant
element in the atmosphere
• Oxygen is an extremely reactive element and
combines with almost all other elements
• Family members include; oxygen, sulfur,
selenium, tellurium, and polonium
The Halogens
Group 17
•
•
•
•
Have 7 valence electrons in their outer shell
They are the most reactive nonmetals
Never found free in nature
They share or gain one electron when they
chemically combined
• Halogen means salt formers and all compounds
with halogens are called salts.
• Astatine is a metalloid
• Family members include: chlorine, fluorine,
bromine, iodine, and astatine
Noble Gases
Group 18
• They have 8 electrons in their outer shell,
except helium which has 2, means they
are normally un-reactive
• Also known as the inert gases
• Found in small amount is the Earth’s
atmosphere, argon the most common
• Family members include; helium, neon,
argon, krypton, xenon, and radon
After failing 3 chemistry tests, Phoebe’s parents wall papered her room with the
Periodic Table!!!!!!
Rare-Earth Elements
• These have properties that are similar to one another
• All have 2 valence electrons
• They have been moved to the bottom to make the
periodic table easier to read
• First row is the lanthanide series, shiny, soft, malleable
metals, that are conductive
• The second row is the actinide series, all are radioactive
and only the first four are present in nature
• Elements numbered 92-118 are all synthetic and
radioactive
• Uranium is the best known rare-earth metal
Periodic Properties of the Elements
• Certain properties of elements vary in regular
ways from left to right across a period. These
properties include electron arrangement,
reactivity, atomic size, and metallic properties
Valence Electrons
Ionic Charges
Atomic Radius
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Discover That Element Game
Now don’t pretend…