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HNRS 227 Lecture #18
Chapter 19
The Earth
presented by Prof. Geller
29 October 2002
Key Points of Chapter 19
Minerals
Rocks
Igneous, Sedimentary, Metamorphic
The Rock Cycle
Earth’s Interior
Crust, Mantle, Outer Core, Inner Core
Plate Tectonics
Telling Rocks Apart
How geologists tell apart different
minerals and rocks
color, luster, texture
hardness test
scratching one against another
• diamond is hardest
acid test
using weak hydrochloric acid to
streak test
form a streak across a ceramic tile
Minerals
(see Table 19.1)
Characteristics
naturally occurring
inorganic
definite crystalline structure
The natural resources of industry
Igneous Rocks
“Rocks formed from hot
molten mass of melted
rock material”
See Figure 19.11 in
textbook
Sedimentary Rocks
“Rocks formed from
particles or dissolved
materials from previously
existing rocks.”
See Table 19.2 in textbook
Metamorphic Rocks
“Previously existing rocks that
have been changed by heat,
pressure, or hot solutions into
a distinctly different rock.”
See Figure 19.13 in textbook
The Rock Cycle
Earth’s Interior and
How We Know It
Earthquakes Galore
Earth’s Inside Story
Crustal Rumblings
Plate Tectonics
“The theory that the Earth’s crust is made
of rigid plates that float on the
asthenosphere.”
Consider the scientific evidence for plate
tectonics and what forced scientists to
accept the theory as fact
Fossils across an ocean
Boundaries Galore
Plates are smashing