Transcript Unit 3 Geochemical Cycles in the Earth`s System

Unit 3 Geochemical Cycles in
the Earth’s System
Chapters 10 and 11
3 types of rocks
• 1. _________ – formed from magma
• 2. __________ – made up of sediment
that has been compacted
• 3. ___________ – rock that has been
exposed to heat and pressure
Rock Cycle
• See page 177
Igneous Rocks
• __________ cools and hardens
• ____________ – slow cooling below crust,
________ crystals
• __________ – fast cooling on earth’s
surface, _______ crystals
• ___________ – combo of small and large
crystals
Felsic vs. Mafic
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_______
______ in silica
_______colored
Intrusive
______grained (large)
Granite family
• _______
• _____ in silica, high
iron
• ______ colored
• ________
• _____ grained (small)
• Basalt family
Igneous Rock Structures
• See page 181
• ________ = batholiths, stock, laccoliths,
sill, dike
• _________= volcanic neck, lava plateau
Sedimentary Rocks
• __________ – compacted fragments
• Ex: __________ (smooth) and
________(sharp fragments)
• __________ – minerals dissolved in water
• Ex: Evaporites
• __________– remains of organisms
• Ex: Coal
Sedimentary Rock Features
• Stratification – layers
• ________ ________ and mud cracks –
water
• _________– preserved within
• __________ – minerals precipitated from
solutions build up in lumps within
Metamorphic Rock
• Change due to ______ or ________
• ________– small area, changed rocks
which directly contact the heat or pressure
• ________ – larger area ex: tectonic mv’t
Classification of Metamorphic
Rocks
• __________ – visible parallel bands
• _________ __________, minerals of
different densities separate
• Slate, schist, gneiss (page 188)
• ____________ – no bands or crystals
• __________ so tightly, no ________
visible
• Quartzite, marble (page189)
Ores
• Deposits of _________ from which metals
and nonmetals can be ________ profitably
• Types: Iron, Chromium, Nickel, Lead,
Copper, Zinc
Formation of Ores
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Form within cooling ________
Form from _________metamorphism
_______ – mineral solutions in cracks
________ – large number of veins
______ deposits – concentrated at bottom
of stream beds due to water mv’t
Uses of Ores
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_______ materials
Jewelry
________
Food
Page 197
Fossil Fuels
• Organic, made of ________
• ______ – remains of plants in swamps
• Formed by ____________ (release of gases
due to bacteria)
• ________ – partial decomp
• _________ – more dense
• ______________ coal – further compressed,
most abundant
• ____________ – hardest form of coal due to
pressure
Petroleum and Natural Gas
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Mixtures of hydrocarbons
_______ or _______ form
Remains of __________ in bodies of water
Form in _________ rock, pushed upward with
___________
• Stopped by __________ rock
• See page 200
Uses, supplies, and environment
• Uses: source of ________, used in
products such as plastics, medicines,
cleaners, etc
• Supplies: ____________, ______ most
abundant, ___________ almost used up
• Environment: changing earth’s
_________, increased________, acid rain
and air pollution, spills
Nuclear Fission vs. Fusion
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_________
________ of nuclei
Releases energy
_____________
Controlled chain
reaction
• Gives off dangerous
____________
• __________
• Atoms _________
nuclei
• Releases energy
• _______
• Difficult to reach temp
needed
Renewable vs. Nonrenewable
Energy
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___________
Solar
___________
Hydroelectric
_________
Enviro-friendly
• ______________
• Fossil Fuels
• _____________