Transcript turning 2011`s disasters into educational surges that will

TURNING 2011’S DISASTERS INTO
EDUCATIONAL SURGES THAT
WILL ADVANCE DISASTER
RESILIENCE
PART 6
Dr. Walter Hays,
Global Alliance For
Disaster Reduction
GOAL: COMMUNITY DISASTER RESILIENCE
USE DISASTER’S INFO TO
IMPROVE COMMUNITY
RESILIENCE
INCREASE TECHNICAL
AND POLITICL CAPACITY
OF COMMUNITY TO COPE
INCREASE OWNERSHIP
AND USE OF KNOWLEDGE
AND EXPERIENCE
FLOODS
SEVERE WIND STORMS
EARTHQUAKES
DROUGHTS
LANDSLIDES
WILDFIRES
VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS
TSUNAMIS
GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
TECHNOLOGICAL HAZARDS
NOTABLE DISASTERS IN 2011
FLOODS IN AUSTRALIA
NEW KNOWLEDGE FOR
MAKING COMMUNITIES
DISASTER RESIILIENT
EARTHQUAKE/TSUNAMI IN
JAPAN
WILDFIRES IN FLORIDA,
TEXAS, AND ARIZONA , ETC
EXPERIENCE
FOR CHANGE
HURRICANE IRENE AND
TROPIAL STORM LEE
FLOODS ALONG THE
MISSISSIPPI RIVER
SUPER TORNADO
OUTBREAK
VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS
2011’S KNOWLEDGE AND
EXPERIENCE BASE
INCLUDED RECORD
FLOODING ALONG THE
MISSISSIPPI RIVER (USA)
APRIL - MAY, 2011
USING 2011’S EXPERIENCES TO
PROMOTE FLOOD DISASTER
RESILIENCE WILL MOVE
COMMUNITIES TOWARDS AN
IMPORTANT NATIONAL GOAL
A DISASTER is ----- the set of failures that overwhelm the
capability of a community to respond
without external help when three
continuums: 1) people, 2) community
(i.e., a set of habitats, livelihoods, and
social constructs), and 3) complex
events (e.g., floods, earthquakes, ...,)
intersect at a point in space and time.
Disasters are caused by
single- or multiple-event
natural hazards that, (for
various reasons), caused
extreme levels of mortality,
morbidity, homelessness,
joblessness, economic losses,
or environmental impacts.
THE THREE CONTINUUMS OF
EVERY DISASTER
• PEOPLE
• COMMUNITY
• COMPLEX EVENTS
A DISASTER IMPACTS ALL
SOCIETAL ELEMENTS
AN EDUCATIONAL SURGE
• Transforms information and
experience gained from a
disaster into knowledge, best
practices, and technologies
that help communities
become disaster resilient.
HOW TO BUILD CAPACITY
FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE
• Identify the gaps in community capacity in
the four critical elements of the solution:
Preparedness, Protection, Response, and
Recovery.
• Use the accumulated knowledge and
experience base to fill the perceived gaps
in Preparedness, Protection, Response,
and Recovery in the community.
CRITICAL ELEMENTS FOR
DISASTER RESILIENCE
• PREPAREDNESS
(READY FOR ANY
COMPLEX EVENT)
• PROTECTION
(BUILD ESSENTIAL
AND CRITICAL
FACILITIES TO
WITHSTAND)
CRITICAL ELEMENTS FOR
DISASTER RESILIENCE
• RESPONSE
(SAVING LIVES, AND
ENSURING
CONTINUITY)
• RECOVERY
(BOUNCING BACK
QUICKLY AND
RESUMING LIFE
AGAIN)
BENEFITS OF AN
EDUCATIONAL SURGE
• Intensifies efforts to
protect essential (schools)
and critical facilities (hospitals, dams, transportation,
systems, and power plants).
EDUCATIONAL SURGES CREATE TURNING
POINTS FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE
ALL SECTORS OF
SOCIETY INFORMED
IGNORANCE TO
ENLIGHTENMENT
EDUCATIONAL
SURGES CHANGE
POLICIES BASED
ON A COMMUNITY’S RISK
APATHY TO
EMPOWERMENT
BOUNDARIES TO
NETWORKS
STATUS QUO TO GOOD
POLITICAL DECISIONS
TURNING POINTS FOR CHANGE
NEW RESOURCES
NEW DELIVERY MECHANISMS
EDUCATIONAL
SURGES WILL
RESULT IN …
NEW PROFESSIONAL
LINKAGES
NEW LEGISLATIVE MANDATES
NEW DIALOGUE ON BUILDING
A CULTURE OF DISASTERRISK REDUCTION
EDUCATIONAL SURGE
ADD VALUE
INCREASE
AWARENESS
AN EDUCATIONAL
SURGE WILL
INCREASE
UNDERSTANDING
INCREASE POLITICAL
WILL
BUILD EQUITY
BENEFITS OF EDUCATIONAL SURGES
EXPAND CAPABILITY
IMPROVE DELIVERY
MECHANISMS
EDUCATIONAL
SURGES
OVERCOME UNIVERSAL
BARRIERS
CREATE TURNING
POINTS OF CHANGE
INCREASE COMMUNITY
DISASTER RESILIENCE
HEAVY RAINFALL IN MEMPHIS AREA:
APRIL 31, 2011
• Major thunderstorms unleashed up to
1/3 meter (a foot of rain) that
swamped the Memphis area with
"unprecedented" flooding, inundating homes and vehicles,
bursting levees, and forcing the
evacuation of more than 1,500 people.
A SWOLLEN MISSISSIPPI RIVER,
WHICH DRAINS 41 % OF USA,
REACHED THE MEMPHIS,TN AREA
ON MAY 9th
APRIL 31- MAY 10, 2011
MAY 9: MISSISSIPPI RIVER
CRESTED IN MEMPHIS AREA
• The Mississippi River crested
around 7:00 pm in Memphis,
just below its 74-year-old
record, as a deluge of water
moved southward towards
cities and oil refineries..
A RECORD 2011 EXPERIENCE
• The flooding broke highwater records that have
stood since the 1930s.
THE LOOSAHATCHIE RIVER
• The Loosahatchie River rose
23 feet in less than 24 hours,
reaching a record 25.31 feet at
7:15 a.m., surpassing the
former high-water mark of 25.27
feet set in December 1987.
ARLINGTON, TN: ONLY ROOF OF CAR
REMAINS ABOVE WATER
BOLTON, TN : APRIL 31, 2011
MILLINGTON, TN: APRIL 31, 2011
MILLINGTON, TN: MAY 3, 2011
MILLINGTON, TN: RESCUE
OPERATIONS
VOLUNTEER HELPING OTHERS
ESCAPE
RIVER CRESTED WITHIN A FEW CM OF
THE 1937 RECORD
THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER: LOOKING
MORE LIKE AN OCEAN THAN A RIVER
MEMPHIS: MAY 3, 2011
MEMPHIS, TN RESIDENTS WARNED OF
NEED TO EVACUATE: MAY 6, 2011
STRANDED PETS
MEMPHIS: BARGE TRAFFIC
HALTED; MAY 6, 2011
THE WATER: A POTENTIAL
HEALTH RISK
• The Mississippi River flood
water, already contaminated by
pesticides, industrial pollutants,
and debris acquired as it drained
41 percent of the Nation, was
now full of snakes, and A
POTENTIAL HEALTH PROBLEM.
DEBRIS-LADEN WATER; MAY 9TH
SAVING DOWNSTREAM CITIES
AND OIL REFINERIES BECAME
AN ISSUE AS FLOOD WATERS
MOVED SOUTHWARD
MONDAY, MAY 14, 2011
TOUGH DECISIONS
• As high water flowed down the
Mississippi River and its tributaries,
threatening to flood all the
communities along the river and the
11 oil refineries that have a
combined capacity of 2.5 million
barrels a day, people faced the
question of whether to stay or to
evacuate,
THE WORST CASE FOR OIL
REFINERIES IN LOUISIANA
• The worst case is for flood
waters to inundate the refineries
and shut them down for several
months, as was the case after
Hurricane Katrina.
THE DECISION: SAVING BATON
ROUGE AND NEW ORLEANS
• 2011’s flood waters had the
potential to inundate cities (e.g.,
New Orleans) and the 11 oil
refineries in the New Orleans-toBaton Rouge region, which
have a combined capacity of 2.5
million barrels a day.
•
SHORT-TERM SOLUTION WORKED
• Controlled release of water that
flooded farmland and rural
areas instead of cities like New
Orleans and the 11 refineries
near New Orleans and Baton
Rouge, worked as a short-term
solution to reduce the risk.
SATURDAY, MAY 14: MORGANZA
SPILLWAY OPENED;
• Opening the Morganza spillway
system for the first time since
1973 flooded farm land and rural
areas, while reducing pressure
on the levee system protecting
Baton Rouge and New Orleans.
MORGANZA SPILLWAY
MORGANZA SPILLWAY: ONE OF 125
FLOODGATES OPENED; MAY 14TH
When the floodgate was
opened, the Mississippi River
began flowing at 1.5 million
cubic feet per second.
BONNET CARRE SPILLWAY
• Opening the Bonnet Carre
Spillway transferred water to
Lake Ponchartrain and reduced
the pressure on the levees
protecting Baton Rouge and
New Orleans.
IMPACTS OF OPENING THE
MORGANZA SPILLWAY
• The water, which spilled out of
a 10-ton steel floodgate, inundated an estimated 3,000
square miles comprised of
small farms and fish camps,
leaving some places under as
much as 6 m (25 ft) of water.
TOWARDS FLOOD DISASTER
RESILIENCE IN YOUR
COMMUNITY
PREPAREDNESS
PROTECTION
RESPONSE
RECOVERY
RISK ASSESSMENT
•HAZARD MAPS
•INVENTORY
•VULNERABILITY
•LOCATION
DATA BASES
AND INFORMATION
ACCEPTABLE RISK
RISK
UNACCEPTABLE RISK
FLOODPRONE
COMMUNITY
FOCUS ON FOUR
CRITICAL AREAS
DISASTER RESILIENCE
HAZARDS:
GROUND SHAKING
GROUND FAILURE
SURFACE FAULTING
TECTONIC DEFORMATION
TSUNAMI RUN UP
AFTERSHOCKS
BEST POLICIES AND
PRACTICES FOR:
•PREPAREDNESS
•PROTECTION
•RESPONSE & RECOVERY
CAUSES
OF RISK
LOSS OF FUNCTION OF
STRUCTURES IN FLOODPLAIN
INUNDATION
INTERACTION WITH
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
FLOODS
CASE HISTORIES
STRUCTURAL/CONTENTS
DAMAGE FROM WATER
WATER BORNE DISEASES
(HEALTH PROBLEMS)
EROSION AND MUDFLOWS
CONTAMINATION OF GROUND
WATER
TOWARDS FLOOD DISASTER
RESILIENCE
RISK ASSESSMENT
• VULNERABILITY
• COST
• EXPOSURE
FLOODS
• EVENT
EXPECTED
LOSS
• BENEFIT
•CONSEQUENCES
POLICY ASSESSMENT
POLICY
ADOPTION
IMPLEMENTATION OF
FLOOD RISK REDUCTION
POLICIES IS A
COLLABORATIVE PROCESS
COLLABORATION
FUNCTIONAL
NETWORKING
CHANNELS
ORGANIZATION
NETWORKING
CHANNELS
TECHNIQUES
AND
TECHNOLOGIES
DISASTER & HAZARD
INFORMATION SYSTEMS
COMMUNITY
INFORMATION
NETWORKING
CHANNELS
STAKEHOLDERS
ACADEMIA
Stratec Consulting
FLOOD DISASTER RESILIENCE
STRATEGIES
• PURPOSE
• PREVENTION
• PROTECTION
• LAND USE
CONTROL
• TECHNIQUE
• WATERSHED
MANAGEMENT
• FLOOD CONTROL
(DIKES, LEVEES,
AND DAMS)
• HAZARD MAPS
(RISK ZONES)
FLOOD DISASTER RESILIENCE
STRATEGIES
• TECHNIQUE
• PURPOSE
• EMBANKMENTS;
• SITE MODIFICATION SANDBAGS
• ALERT/WARNING
• EVACUATION
• MONITORING
• STREAM GAGUES;
• RISK ZONES
DRONE PLANES
• IMPROVE
• 100-500 YEAR
PREPAREDNESS
FLOOD MAPS
• SCENARIOS
EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES FOR
FLOOD RISK REDUCTION
• REAL TIME WEATHER
FORCASTING AND
WARNING SYSTEMS
• MEASURMENT
TECHNOLOGIES (E.G.,
STREAM GAGUES)
• RISK MODELING (E.G.,
HAZUS, INSURANCE
UNDERWRITING)
• DATABASES
• MAPS: 100-YEAR AND
500-YEAR FLOODS
• FLOOD DISASTER
SCENARIOS
• DRONE PLANES
• HAZMAT
MANAGEMENT