Transcript periods

2-5
Periodic Table
Warm - Up:
problems
Today’s Agenda:
1. check HW
2. Notes: Metals, Metalloids, Non-Metals
October 3
53. Identify each element as a metal,
non-metal, or metalloid:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Zr _______________
Fluorine ______________
Lithium _______________
As __________________
2
54.
a. What element is found in
period 4 group 13 (3A).
b.
What element is found in
period 5 group 3 (2A).
3
I am Dmitri Mendeleev!
I created the PERIODIC TABLE !
What is the PERIODIC
TABLE?
o Shows all known
elements in the universe.
o Organizes the elements
by chemical properties.
Mendeleev’s First Periodic Table
How do you read the
PERIODIC TABLE?
The
Periodic
Table
• Elements on the periodic table are arranged
from left to right in order of increasing
atomic number.
Groups or Families
Vertical columns are called:
 Groups or Families…
numbered 1-18
 Elements within the group
have similar properties
Elements within the group
have the same number of
valence electrons in their outer
energy shell (level)
The group 2 atoms all have 2 electrons in
their outer shells
Valence
electrons
Be (Beryllium)
Atom
Mg (Magnesium) Atom
•Horizontal rows are called periods
numbered 1-7
•Tells how many energy levels (shells) an
atom has
• Are in order of atomic number
The period 4 atoms each have 4 electron
containing shells
4th Shell
K (Potassium)
Kr (Krypton)
Atom
Atom
Fe (Iron) Atom
All elements listed directly below or above one another
share similar physical and chemical characteristics.
Now you are almost as smart as
I am!
But not as handsome!
Man, I look GOOD!
What We Will Investigate:
Where are the metals located on the table?
What are the properties of metals?
Where are the non-metals located on the table?
What are the properties of non-metals?
Where are the metalloids located on the table?
What are the properties of metalloids?
Metals
• Found to the left of the zig zag line.
• 85% of all elements are Metals
• With the exception of Mercury (Hg), all
metals are solid at room temperature
• Metals are:
– Good conductors of heat and electricity
– Metallic luster
– Ductile- -can be drawn into wire
– Are malleable
Families
Alkali metals
Alkaline earth metals
Transition metals
Inner transition metals
Lanthanide series
Actinide series
Noble gases
Halogens
ALKALI METALS
Group 1
• Hydrogen is not a member,
it is a non-metal
• 1 Valence Electron
• Soft and silvery, shiny
• Most reactive, esp. with
water
• Conduct electricity
Alkali Metals reacting with water:
•
•
•
•
•
Li (Lithium)
Na (Sodium)
K (Potassium)
Rb (Rubidium)
Cs (Cesium)
What would you expect
from Francium?!?!
Alkaline Earth Metals
• Silvery-White Metals
• Fairly reactive
• Many are found in rocks
in the earth’s crust
Transition Metals
•
Most are good Conductors of electricity
• Malleable (easily bent/hammered into wires or sheets)
How many things can you think of that have
Transition Metals in them?
Nonmetals
•
•
•
•
Found to the right of the zig-zag line on the periodic table.
May be solid, liquid or gas at room temperature.
NOT good conductors of electricity or heat
Very brittle, and cannot be rolled into wires or pounded into
sheets.
• No metallic luster, and do not reflect light.
• The Non-Metal elements are:
– Hydrogen
– Carbon
– Nitrogen
– Oxygen
– Phosphorus
– Sulfur
– Selenium
Halogens
(Salt producers)
•Most are Poisonous
•Fairly reactive, often bond with Alkali Metals
Noble Gases
•Least Reactive – NEVER REACTS
•Gases at room temperature
Metalloids
•
•
•
•
found on both sides of the “zig-zag” line.
Share properties of a metal and a non-metal
Most are semi-conductors of electricity and heat.
Metalloids include: boron, silicon,
germanium, arsenic,
tellurium and antimony
(polonium & astatine are not metalloids)
What is an ELEMENT?
o A substance composed
of a single kind of
atom.
o Cannot be broken down
into another substance
by chemical or
physical means.
What is a COMPOUND?
o A substance in
which two or
more different
elements are
CHEMICALLY
bonded together.
What is a MIXTURE?
o Two or more
substances that
are mixed
together but are
NOT chemically
bonded.
Element, Compound or Mixture?
Element, Compound or Mixture?
Element, Compound or Mixture?
Element, Compound or Mixture?
Element, Compound or Mixture?
Element, Compound or Mixture?
You are still not as handsome as
the great Mendeleev!
OBTW: I am still working on this beard!
Man, do I look GOOD!
A
B
C
D
44. Describe the similarities in the elements shaded grey.
45. Describe the similarities in the elements colored white.
46. Which two elements might have similar properties?
QUIZ
Time!
43