Transcript Slide 1
Microorganisms What is “micro”? What is an organism? The Microscope What do you use a microscope for? What are the parts of the microscope? How do you use a microscope? Characteristics of Living Things 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Made up of cells Responds to environment Reproduces Grow and develop Use energy Adapts Ecosystem Balanced interaction between living and nonliving things Elements 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Organisms Soil Atmosphere Moisture Sunlight Five Kingdoms 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Animals Plants Fungi Protists Monerans Producers vs. Consumers Producer Make their own food Example: algae, all plants Consumer Eat other organisms Example: ameba, all animals Protists One or more cells Eukaryote: has nucleus Live in moist places Three types of Protists Fungus-Like Plant-Like Animal-Like Fungus-Like Protists Have cell walls Use spores to reproduce Can move some time in their lives Examples Water molds Slime molds Plant-Like Protists They produce their own food Examples Algae Euglena Dinoflagellates Diatoms Animal-Like Protists They move from place to place to obtain food Examples Amoebae Paramecium Amoeba Movement Pseudopodia “false” foot Eating Surrounds prey Closes in on prey Bacteria and other Protists Movement Flagella Cilia What type of movement does this protist use? whip-like tail Hair-like Pseudopodia “false” foot Monerans Simple, Single-Celled Organisms Prokaryote: no nucleus Bacteria- a Moneran What do you know about Bacteria? What do you want to know about bacteria? Helpful Bacteria Oil-Eating Decomposers- Breakdown organisms Helps digest food Produce methane, a natural gas Food: cheese, yogurt, apple cider, buttermilk Help make medicines Harmful Bacteria Spoils food Causes Diseases Strep throat Botulism: food poisoning Pneumonia Scarlet Fever Measles Mumps Rabies Tetanus Controlling Bacteria Heating Refrigerating Drying Salting Smoking Pasteurization Vacuum packed Using Chemicals (cleaning) Antibodies (medicine such as penicillin) 3 Shapes Ball shaped Rod shaped Spiral shaped Where do they live? Live everywhere Can live in temperatures way below freezing and well above boiling Interesting Facts Each square centimeter of your skin averages about 100,000 bacteria. A single teaspoon of topsoil contains more than a billion (1,000,000,000) bacteria. Fungi Many Celled Organisms Eukaryote: has nucleus Lives in moist places Reproduces using spores How Fungi Obtains Food Grows hyphae into the food Breaks down food Absorbs Food A saprophyte hyphae 4 Types of Fungi Club Fungi Sac Fungi yeast Zygote Fungi mushroom Bread molds Imperfect Fungi Penicillin Helpful Fungi Decomposer: break down dead organisms Food: yeast breads, cheeses, mushrooms Help plants grow with hyphae networks Penicillin: fights bacterial diseases Harmful Fungi Plant diseases Spoils Food Athletes foot and ringworm in humans Scientists Alexander Fleming Bacteriologist Discovered Penicillin by accident Louis Pasteur Discovered pasteurization Pasteurization Kills bacteria Heat up to kill bacteria, then quickly cool down and contain Anton van Leevenhoek Dutch scientist in late 1600’s Created lenses for the microscope First to see microbes Viruses Nonliving Invades and reproduces inside cells How they Multiply 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Attach to host cell Injects DNA into host cell Cell replaces own DNA with virus DNA Many viruses are created Cell is destroyed Cell breaks open and releases new viruses What are some Viruses? Common cold AIDS Flu Measles German Measles Small Pox Polio Rabies Mumps Web Sites Used www.cellsalive.com www.microbe.org www.encarta.msn.com