Transcript Biotechnology

Biotechnology
The use of living systems and organisms to
develop or make useful products or processes.
Recombinant DNA
(Genetic Engineering)
 DNA that is created from joining together the DNA of
two different organisms using enzymes.
 Makes it possible to change the genetic composition
of organisms.
 Organisms that have DNA from another organism are
called transgenic organisms.
Transgenic Organisms
Research
Food
Fun
Genetically Modified/Transgenic Foods
 Foods that have had their DNA altered by genetic
engineering, through recombinant DNA technologies.
 It is unknown if they lead to long term health
problems in individuals who eat them.
Insulin _______ from
human.
DNA _________ from
bacteria.
_____________
________ inserted back
into bacteria.
Bacteria will reproduce __________ creating a lot
of insulin which can be removed and used as
medicine.
Gene Therapy
 Changing/replacing a gene within an individual to
treat a disorder caused by a problem with the original
gene.
 Vector- the “vehicle” used to introduce a new piece of
DNA into a genome for gene therapy or the creation of
transgenic organisms. (Ex: plasmids, genetically
engineered viruses)
 Some immune system deficiencies have been treated this
way (with side effects)
 Possible treatment of hereditary blindness- not yet fully
successful
Stem Cells
 Unspecialized (somatic) cells from which differentiated cells
develop.
 Embryonic stem cells in the early embryo will ultimately develop
into all of the cell types in the body.
 Adult stem cells are also present in our organs and are used
(differentiate) when we need new cells.
Cloning
 The growing of an entirely new individual using the
genetic material of an adult organism.
 Easily done with unicellular organisms, more difficult
in multicellular organisms.
 Cows, pigs mice, and even cats have been cloned.
Gel Electrophoresis
 A lab technique that separates
pieces of DNA by size using an
electrical current.
 Scientists use this to locate
and isolate a certain stretch of
DNA
DNA Fingerprinting
 Uses gel electrophoresis to showcase
differences in individuals DNA.
 Can be used to identify an individual.
 If you have someone's DNA fingerprint
on file, you can test a DNA sample and
compare the results to the known finger
print.
 Used to solve crimes.
• Which person’s DNA was in
the bloodstain?
1 2 3
4 5 6 7
• Which two people are
twins?
1
2
3
4
5
Selective Breeding
 Allowing only organisms with wanted characteristics
to reproduce
 This is how dog breeds are created and maintained.
 Corn was created by selective breeding
Textbook Practice
 Pg. 302 # 27
 Pg. 442-443 # 3, 8, 11, 12, 18