Transcript STIs - HealthMarkowski

STDs
&
STIs
Ms. Markowski
Texas Woman’s University
What do you know?
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What is a STI?
List any STIs you can think of:
What symptoms do people with STIs have?
How do people get a STI?
Who gets a STI?
How can people know if they have a STI?
How can people avoid or prevent STIs?
http://www.plannedparenthood.org/health
-topics/stds-hiv-safer-sex-101.htm
Teen Statistics
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STIs and STDs have been used interchangeably (I = infection, D = disease)
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Teens and young adults are more likely than other age
groups to have multiple sex partners and to engage in
unprotected sex (SIECUS, 2005).

Rate of new infections for Herpes and HPV is highest
during the late teens and early twenties
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50% of young people will become infected with an STI by
the time they reach age 25.
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50-75% of ALL sexually active men and women will get
either herpes or HPV infections in their lifetime
How can we PREVENT STIs?
1.
Abstinence
2.
Get Tested (how often?)
3.
Be monogamous
4.
Use Condoms (barrier) EVERY TIME!
Bacterial v. Viral STDs
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Bacterial:
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Living
ANTIBIOTICS treat it
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Virus:
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Non-living
NO CURE, but vaccines for
HPV & Hepatitis
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Examples
 Chlamydia
 Gonorrhea
 Syphilis
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Examples:
 HPV (genital warts)
 HIV (AIDS)
 Herpes
 Hepatitis B
Chlamydia & Gonorrhea
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Most common STIs
Bacterial Infection, so re-infection is likely
Symptoms: few, commonly no symptoms
 burning sensation with urination
 discharge from vagina/penis
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Chlamydia = whitish
Gonorrhea = greenish
Transmission:
Contact with semen, vaginal fluid, anus or mouth; rarely through
vaginal childbirth and appears as blindness, meningitis or death
Treatment:
antibiotics
Drips
Gonorrhea
vs.
Chlamydia
9
Source:
Florida STD/HIV Prevention Training Center
Syphilis
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Bacterial Infection that has 3 distinct stages
Symptoms:
1.
Primary Stage: Chancre at entry site
2.
Secondary Stage: Skin rash
3.
Latent Stage: “Hidden Stage”
Rash/chancre disappear
Can cause severe brain/joint disease
Blindness, psychosis or death
Transmission:
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Contact with semen, vaginal fluid, anus or mouth; rarely
through vaginal childbirth and appears as blindness, meningitis or
death
Treatment: Antibiotics
Syphilis
Yeast infections
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Overgrowth of yeast normally living in mouth,
vagina, & around scrotum. (bacteria are normal too)
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Redness, burning, Itching, thick white or yellow discharge,
sore/itchy around area of infection
This is a YEAST INFECTION (jock itch, too)
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Causes: usually STRESS, sweaty workout wear, damp
bathing suit, scented tp or pads, use of antibiotics, or
rarely, sex with certain partners (change acidity of vagina)
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Treatment:
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Antifungal medications
Pubic Lice
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Parasitic infection
Found on pubic hair, including legs,
armpit, mustache, beard, or eyebrows also
Symptoms:
itching, redness, visible lice
Transmission:
Contact with other’s pubic hair or
Contact with infected bedding/ towels, or clothes
Treatment:
Lice-killing shampoo,
wash all clothes, bedding, towels
Human Papilloma Virus
 Viral Infection
Symptoms:
Generally no symptoms, some strains
cause warts on hand, mouth, genitals or
cervical cancer
Transmission: Contact with penis,
vagina, anus, or mouth
Treatment: none or remove visible
WARTS: Cryo or Laser Therapy
**Guardasil is a vaccine to prevent but
not treat HPV
HPV
and Cervical Cancer
HPV Penile Warts
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Source:
Cincinnati STD/HIV Prevention Training Center
HPV
and Cervical Cancer
HPV Cervical Warts & Thigh
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Source:
Cincinnati STD/HIV Prevention Training Center
Genital Herpes
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Viral infection caused by herpes simplex I
or II infections
Symptoms:
- sores or blisters on or around
genitals/rectum, flu-like symptoms, fever,
swollen glands
- sores come and go for the rest of your life,
especially with stress and last from 2 days
to 4 weeks
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Transmission:
•
Contact with semen, vaginal fluid, anus or
mouth/saliva
Can spread without visible sore
Transmits oral—genital or vice-versa
Sharing chapsticks, drinks, toothbrushes, etc
•
•
•
Herpes
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On skin
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In mouth and eyes
Genital Herpes Simplex in
Females
Sores
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Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
(PID)
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infection of a woman's pelvic organs including uterus,
fallopian tubes, ovaries, cervix and vagina
Caused from Bacteria found in two common (STIs) gonorrhea
and chlamydia
Symptoms include: none, mild to severe pain in abdomen,
pain with sex, fever, irregular periods
Commonly causes sterility if left untreated!
Risk factors:
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Have had an STI (especially if left untreated for 3+ months)
Being under 25 and having sex
Having more than one sex partner
Using douches can push bacteria into the womb, ovaries, and tubes,
causing infection.
PID
HIV & AIDS
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome
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Transmitted through 4 fluids:
1. vaginal secretions,
2. semen
3. blood
4. breast milk
1.
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Does NOT transmit through air or surfaces
HIV targets T helper cells of the Immune System
Immune T Cells Attacked!
Function of T Cells:
- Recognize diseases (virus, bacteria,
fungus, parasite, etc) and initiate an immune
attack
- Destruction of T-cells will make an immune
response less and less effective and increase
vulnerability to sickness over time
HIV to AIDS Diagnosis
When T Helper Cell count lowers to below 200, a person is
considered to have AIDS. (normal: 1,000)
OR
Having 1 or more opportunistic infections
- such as pneumonia, flu, cold, cancer
Time for transition to AIDS diagnosis varies by person and access to Rx drugs:
 5%: die after 3 yrs
 20%: 5 years
 50%: 10 years
 12%: 20 years (this is as much as we know since mid-80s)
HIV/AIDS Treatment
Determining HIV Status:
Most accurate about 3 months after
suspected exposure for accuracy
- it takes time to HIV to target,
reproduce and kill enough T helper cells
to show up in blood work
Currently 4 different classes of Rx drugs to
reduce HIV: Anti-retrovirals
 Recommend 3 or more meds from at
least 2 different classes to interrupt
virus replication
 Called a “Drug Cocktail”
 If don’t stick to them, it will cause HIV
resistance
HIV/AIDS
Historical
Perspective
1926-46: HIV spreads from monkeys to humans?
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In 1981, cases of a rare cancer began affecting young healthy gay men in NY
and San Francisco (700 deaths in first year)
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1982: GRID immerges as name; then later changed to “4H label”
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1987: 150,000 cases of HIV worldwide (40,000 deaths)
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1990: 1 million living with HIV/AIDS worldwide
2000: 21 million have died, 30 million currently living with virus
To Date: At least 30 million people have died of AIDS
40 million living with the virus
16,000 new infections every day
110 new infections in US every day
8,000 deaths a day worldwide
Specific ways to prevent ANY
STD/STI
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Abstinence from oral, vaginal and anal sex
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Using a condom EVERY TIME during any sex type
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Get Yourself Tested (GYT) and your partner too
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any exchange of bodily fluids (semen, vaginal secretions, blood)
transmits infections
How often?
As always, avoid Alcohol and other Drugs
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Making sexual decisions is hard enough without the influence of
mind-altering drugs
Adolescent Condom Use
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According to the Youth Risk Behavior
Surveillance (2006):
Among currently sexually active students,
57.9% reported using condoms during last
intercourse
63% reported having had intercourse at least
once without a condom
Protect yourself!
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Remember: you only have ONE body and ONE life
Use condoms EVERY time and get TESTED
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Every time you switch partners!
Be safe, be smart, be healthy!
Resources:
C.D.C., (2005). Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and Cervical Cancer: An
Update on Prevention Strategies Script. Retrieved October 6, 2005
from http://www.cdc.gov/std/HPV/HPVscript.pdf
Grunbaum, J., Kann, L., Kinchen, S., Williams, B., Gross, J., Lowry, R.,
& Kolbe, L. (2002). Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance (YRBS)-United
States, 2001, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 51, 1-64.
SIECUS., (2005). The truth about STDs. Retrieved October 5, 2005
from http://www.siecus.org/pubs/fact/fact0019.html
SIECUS., (2005). The truth about adolescent sexuality. Retrieved
October 5, 2005 from http://www.siecus.org/pubs/fact/fact0020.html