Transcript STIs - HealthMarkowski

STDs
&
STIs
Ms. Markowski
Texas Woman’s University
What do you know?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
What is a STI?
List any STIs you can think of:
What symptoms do people with STIs have?
How do people get a STI?
Who gets a STI?
How can people know if they have a STI?
How can people avoid or prevent STIs?
http://www.plannedparenthood.org/health
-topics/stds-hiv-safer-sex-101.htm
Teen Statistics

STIs and STDs have been used interchangeably (I = infection, D = disease)

Teens and young adults are more likely than other age
groups to have multiple sex partners and to engage in
unprotected sex (SIECUS, 2005).

Rate of new infections for Herpes & HPV is highest during
the late teens and early twenties

50% of young people will become infected with an STI by
the time they reach age 25.

65-75% of ALL sexually active men and women will get
either herpes or HPV infections in their lifetime
Fluids & Behaviors that
Transmit STIs



Exchange of blood, semen, or vaginal fluid &
Breast milk (HIV only)
Unprotected oral, anal or vaginal sex
Blood to blood contact (fighting, accidents,
needles)
How can we PREVENT STIs?
1.
Abstinence
2.
Get Tested (how often?)
3.
Be monogamous
4.
Use Condoms (barrier) EVERY TIME!
Bacterial v. Viral STDs

Bacterial:


Living
ANTIBIOTICS treat it

Virus:


Non-living
NO CURE, but vaccines for
HPV & Hepatitis

Examples
 Chlamydia
 Gonorrhea
 Syphilis

Examples:
 HPV (genital warts)
 HIV (AIDS)
 Herpes
 Hepatitis B & C
Chlamydia & Gonorrhea


Most common STIs
Bacterial Infection, so re-infection is likely
Symptoms: few, commonly no symptoms
 burning sensation with urination
 discharge from vagina/penis


Chlamydia = whitish
Gonorrhea = greenish
Long Term Effects:
 (Women) Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID), ectopic
preg., and infertility
 (Men): swelling and pain in testes, infertility
Transmission:
Contact with semen, vaginal fluid, anus or mouth; rarely through
vaginal childbirth and appears as serious eye (G & C) or lung (C) infections
Treatment:
Antibiotics as soon as possible
Drips
Gonorrhea
vs.
Chlamydia
10
Source:
Florida STD/HIV Prevention Training Center
Syphilis

Bacterial Infection that has 3 distinct stages
Symptoms:
1.
Primary Stage: Chancre at entry site
2.
Secondary Stage: Skin rash
3.
Latent Stage: “Hidden Stage”
Rash/chancre disappear
Can cause severe brain/joint disease
Long Term Effects:
Blindness, brain & heart damage, psychosis or death
Transmission:

Contact with semen, vaginal fluid, anus or mouth; rarely
through vaginal childbirth and appears as blindness, meningitis or
death in fetus
Treatment: Antibiotics as soon as possible
Syphilis
Yeast infections

Overgrowth of yeast normally living in mouth,
vagina, & around scrotum. (bacteria are normal too)


Redness, burning, Itching, thick white or yellow discharge,
sore/itchy around area of infection
This is a YEAST INFECTION (jock itch, too)

Causes: usually STRESS, sweaty workout wear, damp
bathing suit, scented tp or pads, use of antibiotics, or
rarely, sex with certain partners (change acidity of vagina)

Treatment:

Antifungal medications
Pubic Lice


Parasitic infection
Found on pubic hair, including legs,
armpit, mustache, beard, or eyebrows also
Symptoms:
itching, redness, visible lice
Transmission:
Any Contact with other’s pubic hair or
Contact with infected bedding/ towels, or clothes
Treatment:
Lice-killing shampoo,
wash all clothes, bedding, towels
Human Papilloma Virus
 Viral Infection
Symptoms:
Generally no early symptoms, some
strains cause warts on hand, mouth,
throat, genitals
Long Term Effects:
 Warts, Cancer of throat, anus, cervix, penis
Transmission: Contact with penis,
vagina, anus, or mouth
Treatment: none or remove visible
WARTS: Cryo or Laser Therapy
**Guardasil is a vaccine to prevent but
not treat HPV
HPV
and Cervical Cancer
HPV Penile Warts
17
Source:
Cincinnati STD/HIV Prevention Training Center
HPV
and Cervical Cancer
HPV Cervical Warts & Thigh
18
Source:
Cincinnati STD/HIV Prevention Training Center
Genital Herpes
•
Viral infection caused by herpes simplex I or II infections
Symptoms:
- sores or blisters on or around genitals/rectum, flu-like symptoms,
fever, swollen glands
- sores come and go for the rest of your life, especially with stress and
last from 2 days to 4 weeks
 Long Term Consequences:
•

Reoccuring infections (painfu;), infants born to infected moms can lead to
encephalitis, jaundice, or other infections
•
Transmission:
•
Contact with semen, vaginal fluid, anus or active viruses in mouth/saliva
Can spread without visible sore and transmits oral to genital and vice versa
•
•
Treatment: No Cure: Anti-viral Rx meds, OTC Lysine, Abreva,
Novitra, Herpacin, all help symptoms
Herpes
Genital Herpes Simplex in
Females
Sores
21
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
(PID)





infection of a woman's pelvic organs including uterus,
fallopian tubes, ovaries, cervix and vagina
Caused from Bacteria found in two common (STIs) gonorrhea
and chlamydia
Symptoms include: none, mild to severe pain in abdomen,
pain with sex, fever, irregular periods
Commonly causes sterility if left untreated!
Risk factors:




Have had an STI (especially if left untreated for 3+ months)
Being under 25 and having sex
Having more than one sex partner
Using douches can push bacteria into the womb, ovaries, and tubes,
causing infection.
PID
HIV & AIDS
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome

Transmitted through 4 fluids:
1. vaginal secretions,
2. semen
3. blood
4. breast milk
1.

Does NOT transmit through air or surfaces
HIV targets T helper cells of the Immune System

T-helpers Recognize diseases (virus, bacteria, fungus, parasite, etc) and

initiate an immune attack
Destruction of T-cells will make an immune response less and less effective
and increase vulnerability to sickness over time
HIV to AIDS Diagnosis
When T Helper Cell count lowers to below 200, a person is
considered to have AIDS. (normal: 1,000)
OR
Having 1 or more opportunistic infections
- such as pneumonia, flu, cold, cancer
Time for transition to AIDS diagnosis varies by person and access to Rx drugs:
 5%: die after 3 yrs
 20%: 5 years
 50%: 10 years
 12%: 20 years (this is as much as we know since mid-80s)
HIV/AIDS Treatment
Determining HIV Status:
Most accurate about 3 months after
suspected exposure for accuracy
- it takes time to HIV to target,
reproduce and kill enough T helper cells
to show up in blood work
Currently 4 different classes of Rx drugs to
reduce HIV: Anti-retrovirals
 Recommend 3 or more meds from at
least 2 different classes to interrupt
virus replication
 Called a “Drug Cocktail”
 If don’t stick to them, it will cause HIV
resistance
HIV/AIDS
Historical
Perspective
1926-46: HIV spreads from monkeys to humans?


In 1981, cases of a rare cancer began affecting young healthy gay men in NY
and San Francisco (700 deaths in first year)

1982: GRID immerges as name; then later changed to “4H label”

1987: 150,000 cases of HIV worldwide (40,000 deaths)

1990: 1 million living with HIV/AIDS worldwide
2000: 21 million have died, 30 million currently living with virus
To Date: At least 30 million people have died of AIDS
40 million living with the virus
16,000 new infections every day
110 new infections in US every day
8,000 deaths a day worldwide
Specific ways to prevent ANY
STD/STI

Abstinence from oral, vaginal and anal sex

Using a condom EVERY TIME during any sex type


Get Yourself Tested (GYT) and your partner too


any exchange of bodily fluids (semen, vaginal secretions, blood)
transmits infections
How often?
As always, avoid Alcohol and other Drugs

Making sexual decisions is hard enough without the influence of
mind-altering drugs
Adolescent Condom Use



According to the Youth Risk Behavior
Surveillance (2006):
Among currently sexually active students,
57.9% reported using condoms during last
intercourse
63% reported having had intercourse at least
once without a condom
Protect yourself!


Remember: you only have ONE body and ONE life
Use condoms EVERY time and get TESTED


Every time you switch partners!
Be safe, be smart, be healthy!
Resources:
C.D.C., (2005). Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and Cervical Cancer: An
Update on Prevention Strategies Script. Retrieved October 6, 2005
from http://www.cdc.gov/std/HPV/HPVscript.pdf
Grunbaum, J., Kann, L., Kinchen, S., Williams, B., Gross, J., Lowry, R.,
& Kolbe, L. (2002). Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance (YRBS)-United
States, 2001, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 51, 1-64.
SIECUS., (2005). The truth about STDs. Retrieved October 5, 2005
from http://www.siecus.org/pubs/fact/fact0019.html
SIECUS., (2005). The truth about adolescent sexuality. Retrieved
October 5, 2005 from http://www.siecus.org/pubs/fact/fact0020.html