Transcript ISTITUTO COMPRENSIVO CREMONA 2 SCUOLA MEDIA VIRGILIO

ISTITUTO COMPRENSIVO
CREMONA 2
SCUOLA MEDIA VIRGILIO
PROGETTO CLIL
A.S. 2014/2015
FOOD FOOD EVERYWHERE
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HISTORY
GEOGRAPHY
ART
RELIGION
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY
MATHS
HISTORY
Food after 1492
Columbian Exchange
The Columbian Exchange or Grand Exchange refers to the wide transfer
of animals, plants, culture, human populations, diseases, and ideas
between the American and Afro-Eurasian hemispheres in the 15th and 16th
centuries, related to European colonization and trade (including
African/American slave trade) after Christopher Columbus' 1492
voyage.The contact between the two areas circulated a wide variety of new
crops and livestock, which supported increases in population in both
hemispheres. Traders returned to Europe with maize, potatoes, and
tomatoes, which became very important crops in Europe by the 18th
century. Similarly, Europeans introduced manioc and peanut to tropical Asia
and West Africa, where they flourished in soils that otherwise would not
produce large yields.
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New World native plants. Clockwise, from top left: 1. Maize 2. Tomato 3.
Potato 4. Vanilla 5. Pará rubber tree 6. Cacao 7. Tobacco
Old World native plants. Clockwise, from top left:
1. Citrus ; 2. Apple ; 3. Banana ; 4. Mango; 5.
Onion ; 6. Coffee ; 7. Wheat ; 8. Rice.
Influence
Before AD 1500, potatoes were not grown outside of South America. By the 1840s,
Ireland was so dependent on the potato that the proximate cause of the Great
Famine was a potato disease.Maize and manioc, introduced by the Portuguese from
South America in the 16th century,have replaced sorghum and millet as Africa's most
important food crops.16th-century Spanish colonizers introduced new staple crops to
Asia from the Americas, including maize and sweet potatoes, and thereby contributed
to population growth in Asia.
Tomatoes, which came to Europe from the New World , were initially prized in Italy
mainly for their ornamental value . From the 19th century tomato sauces became
typical of Neapolitan cooking and, ultimately, Italian food in general.Coffee from South
America and sugar cane became the main crops of extensive Latin American
plantations. Introduced to India by the Portuguese, chili and potatoes from South
America have become an integral part of Indian cuisine.
Before the Columbian Exchange, there were no oranges in Florida, no bananas in
Ecuador, no paprika in Hungary, no potatoes in Ireland, no coffee in Colombia, no
pineapples in Hawaii, no rubber trees in Africa, no chili peppers in Thailand, and no
chocolate in Switzerland.
Livestock
Initially, the exchange of animals largely went from Europe to the New
World, as the Eurasian regions had domesticated many animals. Horses,
donkeys, mules, pigs, cattle, sheep, goats, chickens, large dogs, cats and
bees were rapidly adopted by native peoples for transport, food, and other
uses.One of the first European exports to the Americas, the horse, changed
the lives of many Native American tribes in the mountains. They shifted to a
nomadic lifestyle, based on hunting bison on horseback and moved down to
the Great Plains. The existing Plains tribes extended their territories with
horses, and the animals were considered so valuable that horse became a
measure of wealth.
Geography
Food in southern Europe
Italy, Spain, Portugal, Greece, and southern France make up the region
known as southern Europe. Southern France is included because it is
culturally similar to the rest of southern Europe. Greece is often grouped
with eastern Europe; however, it is included here because Greek food has
greatly influenced the cuisine of southern Europe.
The ancient Greeks brought the olive tree to southern Europe, and Spain is
now the world's largest producer of olives. Chickpeas and fish stew were
also introduced by the Greeks. Different adaptations of this fish stew are
now popular dishes in France ( boullabaisse ) and in Italy ( zuppa di pesce
alla marinara ).
But Asia has also added to southern Europe's food traditions, mainly
affecting the cuisine of Portugal. Spices (such as pepper and nutmeg) as
well as fruits (such as mangoes and bananas) came from Asia.
Food in northern Europe
Northern Europe, including Scandinavia, Ireland and the United Kingdom,
has a mouthwatering supply of food and beverages. Fish and chips,
Swedish meatballs and shepherd’s pie are just a sampling of the regional
offerings, which are usually prepared to warm people up from the cold
climate. Because of the surrounding seas fish is essential to most Northern
European cuisines.
RELIGION
FOOD SYMBOLS:
The List of foods with religious symbolism provides details of foods
which are used in religious communities or traditions to symbolise an
aspect of the faith, or to commemorate a festival or hero of that faith
group. Many such foods are also closely associated with a particular
date or season. As with all religious traditions, some such foods have
passed into widespread secular use, but all those on this list have a
religious origin. The list is arranged alphabetically and by religion.
CHRISTIANITY:
Baklava - in Greece, it is supposed to be made with 33 dough layers,
referring to the years of Christ's life
Cattern cake - small individual cakes with caraway seeds, made on St.
Catherine's Day (25 November) to celebrate St Catherine of Alexandria.
Christopsomo - a type of bread served at Christmas in Greece;
Christmas symbols, and a cross, are traditionally incorporated into the
loaf using dough shapes; it is flavoured with figs.
Easter biscuit - associated with Easter, particularly in parts of England.
Easter egg - associated with Easter, as a symbol of new.
JUDAISM:
Apples and honey - eaten to symbolize a sweet new year; other foods
with a symbolic meaning may be served, depending on local custom,
such as the head of a fish to symbolize the "head" of the year.
Bread - two loaves of bread, symbol of the double portion of manna that
fell for the Israelites during their 40 years in the desert after the Exodus
from Egypt.
Cheese blintzes, cheese kreplach, cheesecake, cheese sambusak, a
seven-layer cake called seven heavens and other dairy foods are
traditionally eaten and have various symbolic meanings all connected
to the giving of the Torah on Mount Sinai.
ISLAM:
Baklava - associated with the fasting month of Ramadan by the Balkans
and Ottoman Empire.
Dates - traditionally dates are eaten at the to break the fast of Ramadan,
symbolically recalling the tradition that the prophet Muhammad broke
his fast by eating three dates.
HINDUISM
Ghee - sacred food, offered to gods, and used as libation or anointment
ritual.
Pongal - a Tamil dish associated with many Hindu rituals and feast such
as the Pongal feast.
FOOD FORBIDDEN:
Taboo food and drink are food and beverages which people abstain
from consuming because of a religious or cultural prohibition. Many
food taboos forbid the meat of a particular animal, including mammals,
rodents, reptiles, amphibians, mollusks and crustaceans. Some
taboos are specific to a particular part of an animal, while other taboos
forbid the consumption of plants, fungi, or insects.
Art
ARCIMBOLDO
Giuseppe's father, Biagio Arcimboldo, was an artist in Milan. Like his
father, Giuseppe Arcimboldo started his career as a designer for
stained glass and frescoes at local cathedrals when he was 21
years old.He also married later on.
In 1562, he became court portraitist to Ferdinand I at the Habsburg
court in Vienna, and later, to Maximilian II and his son Rudolf II at
the court in Prague. He was also the court decorator and costume
designer. Augustus Elector of Saxony, who visited Vienna in 1570
and 1573, saw Arcimboldo's work and commissioned a copy of his
"The Four Seasons" which incorporates his own monarchic symbols.
Arcimboldo's conventional work, on traditional religious subjects,
has fallen into oblivion, but his portraits of human heads made up of
vegetables, plants, fruits, sea creatures and tree roots, were greatly
admired by his contemporaries and remain a source of fascination
today.
What are these faces made up of ?
What fruit can you see ?
What vegetables can you see?
What flowers can you see?
Match fruit, vegetables,flowers and the
parts of the faces.
What is strange in this picture ?
Arcimboldo’s style pictures
SCIENCE
– Food pyramid
• The world Health Organization, in conjunction
with the Food and Agriculture Organization,
published guidelines that can effectively be
represented in a food pyramid to prevent
obesity, chronic diseases and dental caries. The
structure is similar in some respects to the
USDA food pyramid, but there are distinctions
between types of fats, and a distinction where
carbohydrates are split on the basis of free
sugars versus sugars in their natural form.