Transcript list of the bird species recorded in Romania

Primavara in tara mea
eleva: DURAC Alexandra
prof. coordonator: RADU Georgeta
Despre primavara in Romania (Spring)
•
Primăvara este unul din cele patru anotimpuri ale zonei temperate, marcând tranziția de la
iarnă spre vară. Din punct de vedere astronomic, marcarea începutului primăverii este, de cele
mai multe ori, legată de echivalența dintre durata temporală zilei și a nopții, timp al anului
numit echinox în astronomie. Astfel, în emisfera nordică, echinoxul de primăvară este datat
astronomic în jur de 21 martie al fiecărui an, în timp ce în emisfera sudică, același echinox este
în jurul datei de 23 septembrie. Simultan cu existența unui echinox într-una din cele două
emisfere ale Terrei, echinoxul "opus" marchează cealaltă emisferă.
•
Spring is the season after winter and before summer. The weather gets warmer because the
ground is tilted towards the Sun. In many parts of the world plants grow and flowers bloom.
Often people with hay fever suffer more. Many animals have their breeding seasons in spring. In
many part of the world it rains for hours. This helps the plants, grow and the flowers bloom. At
the start of spring, people suffering from "Seasonal Affective Disorder" will feel better.
•
Similar, terminarea primăverii și începutul verii astronomice este considerată a fi în jurul datei
când ziua devine maximă, iar noaptea minimă, timp al anului numit solstițiu de vară. Astfel, în
emisfera nordică, solstițiul de vară este datat în jurul datei de 21 iunie, respectiv în emisfera
sudică, același solstițiu este plasat temporal în jurul datei de 21 decembrie. Similar cu
"antinomia" echinoxurilor de la începutul primăverii, simultan cu existența unui solstițiu într-una
din cele două emisfere ale Terrei, solstițiul "opus" marchează cealaltă emisferă.
Despre Vreme
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Vremea reprezintă starea atmosferei la un moment dat și într-un anumit loc,
determinată prin totalitatea elementelor meteorologice. Cele mai multe fenomene se
dezvoltă în troposferă,puțin mai jos de stratosferă. Vremea (prognoza meteo) se
referă, în general, la temperatura de zi cu zi și la activitatea precipitațiilor, întrucât
„climă” este termenul pentru condițiile atmosferice medii pe perioade mai lungi de
timp. Când este folosit termenul „vreme” fără o anumită calificare, se subînțelege că
se face referire la vremea Pământului.
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Pe Pământ, fenomenele meteorologice comune sunt vântul, acoperirea cu nori, ploaia,
ninsoarea, ceața și furtuna de praf. Mai rar întâlnite sunt tornadele, uraganele sau
furtunile de gheață. Aproape toate fenomenele meteorologice familiare apar în
troposferă (partea de jos a atmosferei). Evenimente au loc și în stratosferă și afectează
vremea descendent, în troposferă, dar mecanismele exacte sunt neînțelese
deocamdată.
•
Vremea se produce în principal din cauza diferențelor (de temperatură și umiditate)
dintre un loc și altul. Aceste diferențe pot apărea din cauza unghiului solar dintr-un
anumit loc, care variază în funcție de latitudine, începând cu tropicele.
Climate of Romania
•
Because of its position on the southeastern portion of the European continent,
Romania has a climate which ranges from temperate to continental. Climatic
conditions are somewhat modified by the country's varied topography. The
Carpathians serve as a barrier to Atlantic air masses, limiting their oceanic
influences to the west and center of the country (Transilvania, Banat and
Maramureș), which have milder winters and heavier rainfalls as a result. The
mountains also block the continental influences of the vast plain to the north in
the Ukraine, which results in frosty winters and less rain to the south and
southeast. In the extreme southeast, Black Sea influences offer a milder, maritime
climate. The average annual temperature is 11 °C (51.8 °F) in the south and
middle-south and 8 °C (46.4 °F) in northeast. In Bucharest, the temperature
ranges from average low −5 °C (23 °F) in January to average high 29 °C (84.2
°F) in July and August, with average temperatures of −3 °C (26.6 °F) in January
and 23 °C (73.4 °F) in July and August. Rainfall, although adequate throughout
the country, decreases from west to east and from mountains to plains. Some
mountainous areas receive more than 1,010 mm (39.8 in) of precipitation each
year. Annual precipitation averages about 635 mm (25 in) in central
Transylvania, 521 mm (20.5 in) at Iaşi in Moldavia, and only 381 mm (15 in)
at Constanţa on the Black Sea.
The Map of Weather
Renasterea naturii ( Nature )
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Toporaşii, ghioceii, lăcrămioarele, zambilele ne aduc nu numai razele de soare, ci şi o farmacie naturală
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Chiar dacă timpul cald încă n-a venit, primele flori de primăvară au apărut, încîntîndu-ne cu culorile şi
gingăşia lor. Zambilele, ghioceii, viorelele, toporaşii, lăcrămioarele vestesc apropierea zilelor însorite. Dar
aceste minuni ale primăverii nu aduc doar bucurie sufletului. Încă din vechime, s-a descoperit că pot fi şi
plante de leac şi au fost utilizate proaspete, în fierturi şi diverse preparate pentru îngrijirea suferinţelor
trupului. Calităţile lor medicinale sînt surprinzătoare, pe cît sînt de firave, pe atît sînt de puternice în
terapia tradiţională.
•
Nature, in the broadest sense, is equivalent to the natural, physical, or material world or universe.
"Nature" refers to the phenomena of the physical world, and also to life in general. It ranges in scale from
the subatomic to the cosmic.
•
The word nature is derived from the Latin word natura, or "essential qualities, innate disposition", and in
ancient times, literally meant "birth". Natura was a Latin translation of the Greek word physis (φύσις),
which originally related to the intrinsic characteristics that plants, animals, and other features of the
world develop of their own accord. The concept of nature as a whole, the physical universe, is one of
several expansions of the original notion; it began with certain core applications of the word φύσις by
pre-Socratic philosophers, and has steadily gained currency ever since. This usage was confirmed during
the advent of modern scientific method in the last several centuries.
Images for natures
Traditions
• Mărțișor (Romanian pronunciation: [mərtsiʃor]) is an old Romanian
celebration at the beginning of spring, on March the 1st, which
according to old calendar was also considered as the beginning of the
new year. Symbolically, it is correlated to women and to fertility as
a means of life and continuity. The tradition is authentic in
Romania, Moldova, and all territories inhabited by Romanians and
Aromanians. Alike though not identical customs can be found in
Bulgaria (see Martenitsa), while similar ones exist in Albania,Greece
[not in citation given] and Italy.
• The name Mărțișor is the diminutive of marț, the old folk name for
March (Martie, in modern Romanian), and thus literally means
"little March". It is also the folk name for this month.
Images for Traditions
Easter
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Easter (Old English Ēostre; Latin: Pascha; Greek Πάσχα Paskha, the latter two derived from Hebrew: ‫ פֶּ סַ ח‬Pesaḥ)
is a Christian festival and holiday celebrating the resurrection of Jesus Christ on the third day after his crucifixion
at Calvary as described in the New Testament. Easter is the culmination of the Passion of Christ, preceded by
Lent, a forty-day period of fasting, prayer, and penance.
•
The last week of Lent is called Holy Week, and it contains the days of the Easter Triduum, including Maundy
Thursday (also known as Holy Thursday), commemorating the Last Supper and its preceding foot washing,as well
as Good Friday, commemorating the crucifixion and death of Jesus. Easter is followed by a fifty-day period called
Eastertide, or the Easter Season, ending with Pentecost Sunday.
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Easter is a moveable feast, meaning it is not fixed in relation to the civil calendar. The First Council of Nicaea
(325) established the date of Easter as the first Sunday after the full moon (the Paschal Full Moon) following the
March equinox. Ecclesiastically, the equinox is reckoned to be on 21 March (although the astronomical equinox
occurs on 20 March in most years), and the "Full Moon" is not necessarily on the astronomically correct date. The
date of Easter therefore varies between 22 March and 25 April inclusive. Eastern Christianity bases its
calculations on the Julian calendar, whose 21 March corresponds, during the 21st century, to 3 April in the
Gregorian calendar, and in which therefore the celebration of Easter varies between 4 April and 8 May.
•
Easter is linked to the Jewish Passover by much of its symbolism, as well as by its position in the calendar. In
many languages, the words for "Easter" and "Passover" are identical or very similar.Easter customs vary across
the Christian world, and include sunrise services, exclaiming the Paschal greeting, clipping the church and
decorating Easter eggs, a symbol of the empty tomb. Additional customs that have become associated with
Easter and are observed by both Christians and some non-Christians include egg hunting, the Easter Bunny, and
Easter parades.
The Birds
• This is a list of the bird species recorded in Romania. The avifauna of
Romania includes a total of 383 species, of which 1 has been
introduced by humans, and 10 species listed are accidental in
Romania and are not included in the species count. 12 species are
globally threatened.
• This list's taxonomic treatment (designation and sequence of orders,
families, and species) and nomenclature (common and scientific
names) follow the conventions of Clements's 5th edition. The family
accounts at the beginning of each heading reflects this taxonomy, as
do the species counts found in each family account. Introduced and
accidental species are included in the total counts for Romania.
• The following tags have been used to highlight certain relevant
categories. Not all species fall into one of these categories. Those that
do not are commonly occurring, native species.
Spring clothes
Spring is a great time to get back into your running training. Find out what to
wear with our guide to spring running clothes
A flexible outfit for all weather conditions
It’s important to plan your outfit for all eventualities so no matter what the weather does, you’re always comfortable
and can focus on your performance.
And that’s where layering comes in. When it comes to tops, layering is based
on 3 main elements:
•base layer – the bottom layer, which sits tighter to the body
•mid layer – provides extra warmth on top of the base layer
•outer or shell – this protects you from the wind and the rain
In the Spring, you’ll probably only want to wear 2 layers – the full 3 is usually best reserved for the winter months.
Layering up on frosty mornings
Heading out for a long run on a cold morning poses 2 main problems:
•cold starts – in cooler weather your muscles don’t contract with the same intensity as when it’s warm. You also burn more carbohydrates in the cold
and become less efficient at using oxygen so you can tire quicker too.
•warming up – as the sun comes out and you warm up, you run the risk of overheating. As you overheat, blood rushes to the skin to release sweat,
meaning less blood is being pumped into your muscles. This can cause tiredness and, depending on how hot you get, dehydration too.
So start off warm with a base and a mid layer and as you get into your run, take a layer off to regulate your body temperature.
Your base layer should therefore be a breathable fabric, with plenty of
ventilation so you can avoid overheating once the weather warms up.
However you dress, building some flexibility into your outfit is key. If it’s cold,
you can start out with a running tube as a scarf. It’s versatile so as you warm it can be converted into a headband or
packed away if you no longer need it.
What eat spring?
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What does this mean for you? Eat seasonally! To enjoy the full nourishment of food, you must make your menu
a seasonal one. In different parts of the world, and even in different regions of one country, seasonal menus can
vary. But here are some overriding principles you can follow to ensure optimal nourishment in every season:
•
•In spring, focus on tender, leafy vegetables that represent the fresh new growth of this season. The greening
that occurs in springtime should be represented by greens on your plate, including Swiss chard, spinach,
Romaine lettuce, fresh parsley, and basil.
•
•In summer, stick with light, cooling foods in the tradition of traditional Chinese medicine. These foods include
fruits like strawberries, apple, pear, and plum; vegetables like summer squash, broccoli, cauliflower, and corn;
and spices and seasonings like peppermint and cilantro.
•
•In fall, turn toward the more warming, autumn harvest foods, including carrot, sweet potato, onions, and
garlic. Also emphasize the more warming spices and seasonings including ginger, peppercorns, and mustard
seeds.
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•In winter, turn even more exclusively toward warming foods. Remember the principle that foods taking longer
to grow are generally more warming than foods that grow quickly. All of the animal foods fall into the warming
category including fish, chicken, beef, and lamb. So do most of the root vegetables, including carrot, potato,
onions and garlic. Eggs also fit in here, as do corn and nuts.
FOOD