Transcript Chapter 3 notes

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Mechanical Mixture: you can see the different
parts
Examples: OJ with pulp, cement
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Solution: when two or more substances
combine to form something that looks the
same throughout
Contains two or more substances, but you
can only see one
Examples: shampoo, pop, dishwashing soap,
syrup, vinegar
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Solute: the substance that dissolves
Solvent: the substance that the solute
dissolves in
There is usually less solute then solvent in
solution
In salt water; salt is the solute and water the
solvent
To tell if something is a mechanical
mixtures or solution you can try to separate
it using a filter
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When you increase temperature solubility
becomes better
This is because at higher temperatures
particles are moving faster and there are
more spaces between them that solute
molecules can fill
Example: more sugar will dissolve in boiling
water then in room temperature water
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The amount of solute in a solution
Expressed in g/L
Example: roundup is a solution of glyphosate
and water that is used to kill weeds, it
contains 7.0 g/L of glyphosate meaning that
there are 7.0 g of glyophosate in 1L of
roundup
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Orange juice can be purchased in a
concentrated form where you need to add
water, this makes the orange juice more
dilute
Instant coffee comes in a powdered form, to
make a cup you must dilute the powder by
adding water
Some people add milk (dilute it) to their tea
when it is too strong
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Describes how easily a solute will dissolve in
a solvent
When a substance will dissolve in a solvent
we say it is soluble
If a substance will not dissolve it is insoluble
Sugar is very soluble in water
Rocks are relatively insoluble in water
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Making sure that water in clean and safe to
drink is a huge task
Dirty water (mechanical mixture) is separated
to produce clear water
Chemicals such as chlorine are added to
remove bacteria
Other substances are added to remove
dissolved chemicals
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Water treatment plants make sure water is
safe to drink
They can add alum to impure water which
makes bacteria, viruses and dirt stick to the
alum making them heavy and resulting in
them sinking to the bottom, allowing
separation
Charcoal filters can also be used to clean
water
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Water is boiled and steam is collected
As the steam cools it condenses to form pure
water
Salts, minerals and other impurities like
bacteria and viruses that were dissolved in
the water are left behind