Transcript Traditional Med.

Majid Avijgan MD.
Professor of Infectious Diseases
Ashraf Sadat Sahafi
Isfahan University of Medical Sciences
Aban 1392, November2013
 Western Medicine (Infectious Diseases):
 Newest findings of Medical sciences
 Traditional Medicine:
 Oldest findings or data of Medical Sciences
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Western Medicine (Infectious Dis.)------------------------------------------------------------Traditional Med.
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 -----------------П--------------------П----------- -Western Medicine (Infectious Dis.) -----Traditional Med. -------
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 -------------------ПП---------------------- ------Infectious Dis./Traditional Med. -------
Traditional Medicine is mixed
and contaminated with
superstition
 Aarchaeologists excavated evidence of human remains
in northern Iraq (Emperor of Persia) that were buried
along with a variety of herbs, a number of which have
now found to be antibacterial that were used by the
prehistoric people of the region to eliminate bacteria
or thwart their multiplication.
 It is believed that the Egyptians were the first to make
prescriptions for curing infections sometime around
1550 BC.
 Blend of lard, honey and lint and was used in the form
of a lotion for dressing wounds.
 We are aware that honey possesses
 1-antibacterial properties, as it kills bacterial cells by means
of extracting water from them. Moreover, honey encloses
an enzyme called inhibine that transforms Glucose and
Oxygen into hydrogen peroxide - a widely accepted
antiseptic. In current times, wounds have been found to be
very resistant to healing by antibiotic medicaments.
 2-However, honey has the aptitude to heal them quite
easily. In addition, honey is also known to be a wonderful
natural medication for curing infected varicose ulcers.
 Several other experiments dealing with anthrax
and cholera also corroborated these findings and
established that harmless bacteria have the
attitude to slow down the disease-causing or
pathogenic bacteria.
 In 1910, scientists found a more potential agent known
as salvarsan, which was basically a dye, demonstrating
to be very effectual in treating the sexually transmitted
disease syphilis.
 Nevertheless, toxicity of the substance in humans
proved to be the main obstacle in developing salvarsan
as well as its extensive use.
 While trying to develop the bacteria Staphylococcus
spp. on an agar plate (a saucer used for preparing
bacterial cultures) in 1928, Dr. Fleming detected that
the development of this bacterium was slowed down
by a mold which had contaminated the plate by
accident. He immediately made up his mind to
identify the mold that was ultimately known as
Penicillium notatum.
 Incidentally, it took another few years for two talented
researchers, Dr. Florey and Dr. Chain, who were working at
Oxford University in the late 1930s and early part of 1940s,
to appreciate the significance of the findings of Dr.
Fleming’s research. In fact, the pioneering work of these
two researchers helped to bring penicillin into clinical use.
Dr. Flory was an Australian physician who had been to
Oxford on a scholarship to study pathology. On the other
hand, Dr. Chain was a chemist from Germany who had
escaped from the Nazis in the 1930s and went to England
for rest.
 Before 1955, the sale of penicillin was not restricted
and, hence, anyone and everyone were able to
purchase it without a prescription. However, the
overuse and unrestricted use of penicillin resulted in
increasing resistant of bacteria.
 In the meantime, in 1935, a German researcher
demonstrated that a dye known as Prontosil Red was
effective in treating mice infected with Streptococcus supp.
- the bacteria responsible for Strep Throat.
 In fact, the dye Prontosil Red was the predecessor of a
group of drugs similar to Antibiotics and known as
sulphonamides or sulfa drugs. Even to this day, these drugs
are in use.
 For instance, Septra, which contains sulfamethoxazole, is
given to patients suffering from infections of the
respiratory as well as the Urinary Tract.
 Merck and Company helped Waksman with funds
in 1939 to begin an exploration for antibiotics with
a view to offer optimism to patients suffering from
tuberculosis (TB). Even to this day, the antibiotic is
used to treat tuberculosis.
 Soon after streptomycin was clinically used in
tuberculosis patients, it was found that the use of
the drug resulted in side effects that were absent in
the case of using penicillin, counting kidney
damage as well as deafness.
 Nevertheless, the major problem faced by patients
in using streptomycin, and what actually limited
efficiency, was resistance. In fact, the pace at which
bacteria were capable of developing resistance to
this drug surprised Waksman and his colleagues.
Owing to this factor, they were encouraged to
undertake research to find other antibiotics. This
search actually led to the development of
neomycin - a medicament generally used in a
number of antibacterial ointments these days.
 In effect, the antibiotic medicament
chloramphenicol was isolated for the first time
from a soil sample in a place in Caracas, Venezuela.
This discovery is significant in two ways. Firstly, it
helped in detecting a new antibiotic substance and
second, according to the findings of the clinical
trial, chloramphenicol has the potential to treat
diseases that were incurable earlier - for instance,
typhus. Much later, this antibiotic medicament
demonstrated outstanding results in treating
typhoid fever, typhus, Meningitis and Brucellosis,
undulant fever .
 Blood Disorders, such as anemia and even leukemia .
 The use of the antibiotic drug chloramphenicol is presently
restricted in the developed nations, as more expensive, but
less harmful medications are available in these places.
 However, in developing nations this antibiotic is still in use
since its production does not entail great expenses.
 However, this antibiotic medicament may also be used for
treating other infections. In fact, it is possible that you have
used this drug either in your ear drops or eye drops.
 Benjamin M. Duggar was successful in isolating
chlortetracycline from a mud sample obtained from
a river in Missouri. While chlortetracycline was the
first ever tetracycline, the discovery of Duggar has
resulted in the isolation and then the development
of numerous very potent antibiotics. Currently,
these antibiotic drugs are only second to penicillin
in terms of worldwide sales.
 Tetracyclines results in the formation of calcium complexes
in developing bone, which may cause :
 permanent discoloration
 teeth and,
 lessen the growth of bone.
 to slow down the growth of kids.
 In 1948, Brotzu made the findings of this clinical trials
public and his work drew the attention of the research
group formed by Dr. Florey in Oxford University. After
obtaining the samples of the fungus, members of the
Oxford University research group could isolate as well as
purify a number of antibiotics similar to penicillin, which
were known as cephalosporins.
 particularly in cases where resistance to penicillin was a
major worry.
 in allergic reactions in approximately five per cent of
patients.
 Additional research undertaken in the 1960s led to the
development of the second generation antibiotic drugs.
These second generation antibiotics included methicillin, a
partially synthetic derivative of penicillin produced to
especially beat the problems of penicillin resistance. In
effect, scientists hailed methicillin as a vital advancement
in the fight against bacterial resistance to penicillin.
Scientists were now of the view that they would be able to
win the battle against bacterial infections. However,
unfortunately, they were proved wrong and bacteria had
the final word and today we have bacteria that are also
resistant to the second generation antibiotic methicillin.
 of antibiotic drugs is one of the major breakthroughs in
modern medicine. It enables doctors to effectively treat
many different types of infections. Unfortunately, decades of
abuse and misuse have led to growing problems of bacterial
mutation and resistance. Many of these "super bugs" can
only be treated with the newest and most potent antibiotic
drugs. Unfortunately, many of them have potent side effects
as well. The key points are to select the correct antibiotic
drug with least potential side effects and make sure the
patient finishes the entire course of therapy.

http://acupuncturetoday.com/mpacms/at/article.php?id=31958
 Traditional medicine may be especially advantageous
with modern complicated conditions where "bugs,"
"super-bugs," and "super-super-bugs" come in so
many different forms that a single antibiotic fails to
deal with them. The proper use of herbal formulas
can not only inhibit bacterial, viral and fungal
infections, but also minimize the need for antibiotics
with their adverse side effects.
 TB and MRSA…….
 http://www.tcmpage.com/hpinfections.html
 In addition, it also throws light on why majority of the
medical researches are sponsored by the
pharmaceutical firms and the reason behind medical
students being taught pharmacology or the use of
medicaments as the key ways of treating patients.
 since the discovery of penicillin in 1928, infections
still plague us. Many bacteria develop resistance to
the antibiotics that once killed them. While
antibiotics can be lifesaving when used
appropriately, overuse and inappropriate use of
antibiotics can cause widespread health problems.
 Then consider the resistant's bacteria and
overwhelmed Immune system
 http://www.tcmpage.com/hpinfections.html
 At 1856 first drug store has been presented in the
California in USA
 From the beginning of the world up to 1856.
 From 1856 up to now.
 1970 return to Traditional medicine
 Modern chemical antibiotics have been in
existence less than a hundred years, whereas
 the natural herbal antibiotics prescribed by
traditional healers have been used for more
than 2000 years by millions of people.
 http://www.tcmpage.com/hpinfections.html
 As a pillar of modern medicine, antibiotics play a tremendous
role in dealing with infections.
 When the body,s immune system is overwhelmed,
antibiotics can be very useful.
 since the discovery of penicillin in 1928, infections still plague
us. Many bacteria develop resistance to the antibiotics that
once killed them.
 Bacteria, Fungi, TB, H.Pylori, HCV, HBV, and so on…..
 http://www.tcmpage.com/hpinfections.html
 the fundamental concepts in traditional medicine is
that "superior medicine prevents disease,
 and inferior medicine treats disease."8
 Many herbs and formulas that tonify immune
system.
 http://www.tcmpage.com/hpinfections.html
 This compromise is that a strong immune system is
fundamental if the body is to resist infections. A
medicine which controls bacterial infection and
sustains the immune system is always preferable
 to a medicine which kills bacteria but depresses the
immune system.
 http://www.tcmpage.com/hpinfections.html
 Two theories dominate the practice of medicine
on infectious diseases. One theory is that germs
cause infectious diseases.
 The other theory is that diminished host
resistance causes infectious diseases.
 infection does not occur unless the host,s
resistance diminishes. (TB,AIDS, ……)

http://www.nationalpainfoundation.org/articles/118/modern-vs--traditionalmedicine
Modern Medicine is consisted
of Traditional Medicine plus
Modern Technology, Innovation
and explorations.

http://www.nationalpainfoundation.org/articles/118/modern-vs--traditional-medicine
 Major differences between modern and traditional
medicine!!!
 Salicylic acid and Whitlow cortex
 Artemisia and Malaria
 Leech Therapy for Cosmetic surgery
 Immune system = Resistance to infection

Means No Infection
 The first reference to infectious disease appeared in
Huang Di Nei Jing (Yellow Emperor's Inner Classic),
compiled in the first or second century CE.
 R: ( Gilbert D, Moellering R, Sande M. The Sanford Guide to Antimicrobial Therapy. 29th Edition.
Hyde Park, Vt.: Antimicrobial Therapy, Inc., 1999. )
 Other: TB in Egypt Mummies and HP
 Review of Traditional Medicine
 "from one person to the entire household, from one
household to the entire street, and from one street to the
entire village.
 " The disease first affects the exterior of the body and
progresses to the interior, following the patterns of wei
(defensive), qi (energy), ying (nutritive) and xue (blood)
levels.5
 …..transmitted from one person to another via "heaven [airborne]" or "earth [direct contact],
 ……" and affect individuals with low immunity.6
R:Wen Re Lun (Discussion of Warm and Hot Disorders) by the apprentices of Ye Gui,
1745-1766.
 Wen Yi Lun (Discussion of Epidemic Warm Disease) by Wu You-Xing, 1642.


 recognized that these patterns of illness were
significantly different from shang han (cold
damage) patterns, so must be diagnosed and
treated differently. Three of the most influential
doctors during that era contributed to a new school
of thought, namely wen bing (warm disease).2-4
Furthermore, the cause of these warm and hot
disease have "no sound nor smell, and no shape nor
shadow.”(6)
 Wu You-Xing, also known as Wu You-Ko, circa 1580-1660.
 Ye Gui, also known as Ye Tian-Shi, 1666-1745.
 Wu Tang, also known as Wu Ju-Tong, 1758-1836.
 Theory of Febrile Diseases and Synopsis of the
Golden Cabinet, by Zhang Zhongjing, (150-219 AD),
and Treatise on Differentiation and Treatment of
Seasonal Febrile Diseases, by Wu Jutong, 1798,
include effective formulas for "Expelling Cold,"
"Clearing Heat," and "Relieving Toxicity" which are
used to treat infectious diseases.
 http://www.tcmpage.com/hpinfections.html
 There are thousand of questions about human
existence.
 Based on the Philosophy of the TCM human is not
only a holistic being but is inseparable from the
nature.
 The human is a collection of constant composition and
decomposition and
 is in a dynamic interaction between internal activities
and external environment.
 The Qi (or vital energy?) is the differentiation view of
viable and non-viable beings.
 This is the invisible view or dimension of human and
nature.

(Could PVs be as bases for qi production: Avijgan-Avijgan)
 They are four major constitutes for vitality and
maintain the normal body activities.
 In Iranian Traditional medicine, the four elements of
earth, water, fire and air have nature of cold, wet, dry
and Heat (hot). These characteristics can be anywhere
in the body and are not limited to a specific area or
location. However, TCM is based on the five elements,
the five famous elements are not everywhere in the
body, but they control a part or field of the body. Note
that this is different from the Iranian Medicine view.
 By this concept:
 Yin is Cold (Earth),
 Blood is wet (Water),
 Yang is heat (Air) and
 Qi is Dry (Fire).
 This article does not intend to diminish the role of
antibiotics in any sense.
 http://www.tcmpage.com/hpinfections.html
 Many of the bitter and cold herbs and formulas used to
treat these warm and hot diseases are recognized
today to have remarkable antibiotic effects.7

Wen Bing Tiao Bian (Systematic Differentiation of Warm Disease) by Wu Tang, 1798.
 Shi Quan Da Bu Tang (All-Inclusive Great
Tonifying Decoction)11
Ren Shen Yang Ying Tang (Ginseng Decoction to
Nourish the Nutritive Qi)12
Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang (Tonify the Middle and
Augment the Qi Decoction)13

10-Chen J, Chen T. Clinical Manual of Oriental Medicine 2nd Edition. City of Industry, Calif.: Lotus Institute of Integrative
Medicine.

11-Chen J. Chen T. Chinese Herbal Formulas and Applications. City of Industry, Calif.: Art of Medicine Press, 2009.

12-Guo Wai Yi Xue Zhong Yi Zhong Yao Fen Ce (Monograph of Chinese Herbology from Foreign Medicine), 1992;14(2):52.

13-Zhong Yi Fang Ji Xian Dai Yan Jiu (Modern Study of Medical Formulae in Traditional Chinese Medicine), 1997;520-1.
 dong chong xia cao (Cordyceps)17
ren shen (Radix et rhizoma ginseng)18
dang shen (Radix codonopsis)19
huang qi (Radix astragali)20
bai zhu (Rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae)21

16-Chen J, Chen T. Chinese Medical Herbology and Pharmacology. City of Industry, Calif.: Art of Medicine Press, 2004.

17-Shang Hai Yi Yao Za Zhi (Shanghai Journal of Medicine and Herbology), 1988;1:48.

18-Zhong Yao Xue (Chinese Herbology), 1998;729:736.

19-Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi (Journal of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine), 1985;5(8):487.

20-Biol Pharm Bull, 1977;20(11):1178-82.

21-Xin Yi Yao Xue Za Zhi (New Journal of Medicine and Herbology), 1979;6:60.
 Astagalus fasciculifolus Boiss (ANZEROUT)
 3 gr with honney every morning. (Javidan P;66)
 Yin Qiao San (Honeysuckle and Forsythia Powder)24
Huang Lian Jie Du Tang (Coptis Decoction to Relieve
Toxicity)25
Long Dan Xie Gan Tang (Gentiana Decoction to Drain
the Liver)26
Koshad in ITM: Infusion of one teaspoon /BID :
 As
Increased WBC, cigarette withdrawal, antipyretic, malaria,
gonorrhea, syphilis. (javidan P:124)

23-Chen J, Chen T. Chinese Herbal Formulas and Applications. City of Industry, Calif.: Art of Medicine Press, 2009.

24-Zhong Cheng Yao (Study of Chinese Patent Medicine), 1990;12(1):22.

25-Hu Bei Zhong Yi Za Zhi (Hubei Journal of Chinese Medicine), 1981;4:30.

26-Zhong Yao Yao Li Du Li Yu Lin Chuang (Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Applications of Chinese Herbs), 1991;1:5.
 Commonly Used Herbal Formulas for Upper
Respiratory Infections , Cinnamon Decoction (Gui
Zhi Tang),
 http://www.tcmpage.com/hpinfections.html
 ‫دارچین‬
 ‫ پنیرك‬،‫ گل خطمي‬،‫بنفشه سه رنگ‬
Purple conflower ‫ گیاه سر خار گل‬
matericaria recutita ‫ گیاه بابونه آلماني‬
calendula Officinalis ‫ گیاه همیشه بهار‬
arnica montana ‫ گیاه همیشه بهار كوهي‬
‫‪ ‬گیاه ذغال اخته براي موارد پیشگیري از عفونت هاي ادراري و در درمان‬
‫عفونت هاي ادراري همراه با آنتي بیوتیك ها‬
 Commonly Used Herbal Formulas for Upper
Respiratory Infections , Cinnamon Decoction (Gui
Zhi Tang),
 http://www.tcmpage.com/hpinfections.html
 ‫ پنیرك‬،‫ گل خطمي‬،‫بنفشه سه رنگ‬
‫‪ Mintagel.‬‬
‫‪ Source: Mentha Piperita‬‬
‫كچلي انگشت و كشاله ران پا و نیز اتهابات سطحي ‪ Rc:‬‬
 Leucorex
 Source: Zataria Multiflora )‫(آويشن شیرازي‬
 Vaginitis due to Candida and Gardenella
 Echino Cream
 Echinophora platy loba
 Chorin recurrent candid vaginitis
 Echiherb
 Source: Echinacea Purpurea
 Tonification of Immune system against infection
Acupuncture
Herbal Medicine
 1-Pay attention to correct diagnosis
 2-Perscription of correct Drugs
 3-administration of correct dosage and correct duration
 4-they lead to:
 5-No resistance
 6-less complications
 7-Avoidence of advertisements of pharmaceutical
company
 8-Pay attention to Traditional Medicine
 Courses of Traditional Medicine in Isfahan University
of Medical Sciences:
 Academic training of
 Complementary Medicine
 Herbal Medicine and
 Short course of Professional skills