Transcript STANDARD PRECAUTIONS

STANDARD
PRECAUTIONS
Clinical Internship
Governmental
Agencies
• OSHA
• Protects
Workers
• CDC
• Protects
Patients
&Workers
Defense Systems
• External
• Skin
• Tears
• Mucus
• Internal
• Immune
System
• T Cells
• WBC
• Antibodies
Immunity
• Active
• Made by
person
• Exposure to
pathogen
• Vaccination
• Passive
• Not made by
person
• From mother
• From
injection
• Bacteria
• Live outside
cells
• Complete cell
• Produce
spores
• Respond to
antibiotics
• Virus
• Live inside
cells
• DNA or RNA
• Do not
respond to
antibiotics
AIDS/HIV
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Virus that infects T Cells
Spread by blood & body fluids
6 month “Window of Infectability”
Begins with Flu-like symptoms
Can be HIV + for years before
developing full-blown AIDS
• 15 –24 most rapidly growing group
Tuberculosis
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Bacteria that infects alveoli
“Super Bug” mutation
Begins with LRI symptoms
Spread by air-borne droplets
BCG vaccine available
Most respond to antibiotics
Hepatitis B/C
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Virus infects liver cells
Spread by blood & body fluids
Begins with Flu-like symptoms
Causes jaundice
Vaccine for Hepatitis B available
Hepatitis C increases risk of cancer
Meningitis
• Bacteria or Virus infects meninges
• Spread by blood, body fluids & airborne droplets
• Begins with Flu-like symptoms &
nuchal rigidity
• “Super Bug” mutation
• Bacterial treated with antibiotics
Herpes II
• Viral infection of skin & mucous
membranes
• Causes blister-like lesions
• Spread by direct contact
• Antivirals available
• Herpetic Whitloe on fingers
Fomite – inanimate
object that spread
infection
Vector – animal or
insect that spreads
infection
Vaccines
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MMR
Hepatitis B
Flu
Tetanus
Chicken Pox
DPT
Needed for Infection
• Reservoir
• Portal of exit
• Mode of transmission
• Portal of entry
• Susceptible person
• Sufficient number of pathogens
Symptoms of Infection
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Fever
Malaise
Inflammation
Swelling
Pain
Elevated WBC
Antibiotic
• Drug that kills microorganisms:
pathogens & non-pathogens
• Culture and Sensitivity
• Topical, PO, IM, IV
• Penicillin, Bactrin, Tetracycline,
Doxycycline, Cipro
Portals of Entry/Exit
• Skin
• Mucous Membranes
• Respiratory Tract
• GI Tract
Components of
Standard Precautions
• Personal Hygiene
• Protective Barriers
• Environmental Controls
• Cleaning and Disinfection
Personal Hygiene
• Daily Bathing
• Hand washing
• Scrubbing removes pathogens
Protective Barriers
• Mask – respiratory tract &
mucous membranes
• Goggles – mucous membranes
• Gown – skin
• Gloves - skin
Environmental
Controls
• Equipment
and supply
placement
• Red color
Cleaning and
Disinfecting
• Clean first
• Disinfect
second
• Dispose of all
materials
Cleaning removes dirt & debris –
soap & water.
Disinfection slows reproduction
& kills most pathogens –
chemicals. Bleach 10% solution.
Sterilization kills all
microorganisms & spores –
chemicals & autoclaving.
Asepsis
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Medical
Clean technique
Concurrent
Terminal
Slows or kills
most pathogens,
but not spores
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Surgical
Sterile technique
Prior
Concurrent
Kills all
microorganisms
and spores
Post-Exposure
• Wash area STAT
• Report incident
• Write incident report
Exposure Control Plan
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Required by OSHA
States hazards
Transmission methods
Protection methods
Employer/employee responsibilities
Post-exposure procedures
To Clean Up Spill
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Put on gloves
Soak up fluid
Clean area
Disinfect area
Place all debris in Red Biohazard bag
Wash hands
Biohazard
• Red colored
items
• Biohazard
symbol