Transcript Infection Control

Promotion of safety
Preventing the spread of infection
Definitions –Unit 12 pg 150
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Microorganisms
Nonpathogens
Pathogens
Infections
Parasite
Transmission
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Airborne
Transmission
Droplet
Transmission
Immunity
immunosupression
READ BODY
DEFENSES 155156
MICROORGANISMa small living thing or animal that can only
be seen with a microscope
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Pathogen-causes illness
Nonpathogen-usually doesn’t cause
illness/infection
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Helps in processing of cheese, yogurt
Curing of leather
Baking of bread
5 types of Microorganisms
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Bacteria
Fungi- yeast, mold
Protozoa- malaria, toxoplasmosis
Rickettsiae
Viruses-herpes, aids, chickenpox,
colds
Bacteria are named by Shape
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Singular (plural)
Coccus (cocci)- round or spherical
Bacillus (bacilli)- straight rod
Spirillum (spirilla)-spiral, corkscrew
See figures on page 151
Bacteria grow in groups called colonies
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Pairs-diplo
Chains- strepto
Clusters- staphylo
Streptococcus
Staphylococcus
Neisseria gonorrhoeae (diplococus)
Gram Staining
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Gram positive stain dark blue or
violet the cell wall is high in
peptidoglycan (amino acids) gram
pos cell wall is 20-80 nanometers
thick of peptidoglycan
Gram Negative cannot retain the
crystal violet stain so they take up
the counter stain and are red or
pink in color gran neg cell wall is 78 nanometers thick of peptidoglycan
Infection a disease state that results
from invasion and growth of
microorganism
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Causative agent
Reservoir/host
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Carrier
Portal of Exit
Method of transmission
Portal of entry
Susceptible host
Chain of infection
Causative
agent
Susceptible
host
Reservoir
Portal of entry
Method of
transmission
Portal of exit
Infection
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Occur when pathogens invade the
body and cause disease
Signs and Symptoms of Infection
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Fever
Pain
Tenderness
Swelling
Fatigue
Disease Prevention
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Asepsis- absence of dz producing
microorganism
Medical Asepsis
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Techniques and practices used to
prevent the spread of pathogenic
microorganisms from one
person/place to another
person/place
Ways to practice medical asepsis
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Clean technique - prevent spread
of pathogens
Disinfection - process of
eliminating harmful pathogens from
equipment and instruments
Sterilization- removes all
microorganisms from an item
Sterile Procedures
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Surgical asepsis – the means by which the
environment is kept free of microorganisms
both pathogens and nonpathogens
Sterile- during surgical asepsis the equipment
must have gone through a procedure that
made it free of microorganisms both
pathogens and nonpathogens
Sterile field- area of sterile equipment and
material
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Nosocomial infection- infection
acquired by a patient while being
cared for in a health care facility
Normal flora – microbes that live on
your body that usually do not cause
infection
Protecting yourself
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Standard precautions
Universal precautions
PPE
ISOLATION
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Transmission based precautionsinterrupt mode of transmission
Communicable or contagious dz- dz
transferred form one person to
another through direct contact
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Airborne
Droplet
Contact
Airborne and Contact
Gram stain of staphylococcus