Transcript Chapter 21 Bacteriax

Bacteria
All are Prokaryotic-NO NUCLEUS.
All are unicellular (means one cell) and
survive independently.
All reproduce by binary fission.
Cynobacteria are the oldest form of life on
earth.
Make up two Kingdoms of the six kingdoms
of life. Eubacteria and Archebacteria
Bacteria
Like warm moist places to grow.
More types of bacteria than all
other living things combined.
Most are microscopic
Endospore
This contains the genetic material of
the bacteria when conditions become
unfavorable; dry or cold ( it is like
hibernation) for the bacteria. It
contains proteins and is covered by a
thick protective coat. When conditions
improve the Endospore breaks open
and the bacteria grows normally.
Bacteria Shapes page 609
• Bacilli- rod like with large surface area
to take in lots of nutrients. Dry out
easily.
• Cocci- spherical and do not dry out as
easily as bacilli
• Spirilla- long spiral shaped, use
flagella at either end to move like a
corkscrew.
Eubacteria
Most bacteria are classified as
Eubacteria and by how they get
their food (energy)
Producers- make their own food
Consumers- eat other organisms
Decomposers- feed on dead
organic matter.
Cynobacteria
Live in water and contain
chlorophyll( use photosynthesis to
make food). They are believed to
have created the oxygen in our
atmosphere in prehistoric time. Red
Cynobacteria is where flamingos get
their pink color.
Stromatolites
Archebacteria
• Live where there are extreme conditions
• Heat Lovers- live in hot water up to 250°C
• Salt lovers- live in extremely salty
conditions like the great salt lakes and
the dead sea.
• Methane Makers- live in swampy areas
and give off methane; CH4.
Bacteria’s Role in the World
• Recycle organic material- decomposers
• Nitrogen Cycle- taking nitrogen out of the air and
“fixing” it into the ground for plants. Ammonia/
Nitrates (NH3 and NO3). 78% of our atmosphere is
nitrogen.
• Bioremediation-Clean up harmful chemicals making
them harmless using microorganisms (Oil eating)
• Medicines- insulin- genetically altered bacteria to
produce human insulin.
• Food production- butter milk, sour cream, cheese,
yogurt.
Oil Eating Bacteria
Waste Water Treatment
Insulin
Antibiotics
Antibiotics fight and kill bacteria and other
microorganisms. Antibiotics kill good and bad
bacteria. This is why doctors will prescribe an
antibiotic for only a short time period.
Vaccination- making the body develop a
resistance to specific diseases.
Pathogenic bacteria cause disease. They get
into the Host’s cells and take nutrients from
them.
Bacterial Diseases
Tetanus, Diphtheria, Bubonic
plague, Cholera, Lyme’s disease,
Pneumonia, and Typhoid fever,
Rocky Mountain spotted fever,
Bacterial Meningitis, Leprosy,
Tuberculosis