Transcript Lifestyle/ Chronic Diseases (Non

Lifestyle/ Chronic Diseases
(Non-Communicable)
Unit 8 In The Book
Page 514
Lifestyle/Chronic Diseases
Diseases caused by lifestyle choices,
genetics, and/or environment and these
diseases are not communicable.
Statistics CDC
Heart Disease is the LEADING cause of death
for both men & women in the US
-In 2008, over 616,000 people died of Heart
Disease
- Heart disease caused almost 25% of deathsalmost one in every four- in the US.
- In 2010, coronary heart disease alone was
projected to cost the US 108.9 billion! This total
includes the cost of health care services,
medications, & lost productivity.
Review Word Bank
Heart Disease
Cardiovascular Disease
Angina Pectoris
Congestive Heart Failure
Atherosclerosis
Arteriosclerosis
Arrhythmia
Rheumatic Fever
Ventricles
Valves
Non-communicable
Murmur
Pacemaker
Congenital
Thrombus
Embolus
Aneurysm
Hemorrhage
Antihypertensive
Atrium
Septum
Plaque
Lifestyle diseases
Cardiovascular Diseases
Cardiovascular Disease- heart & blood vessels.
Heart Disease: any disease of the heart muscle or
working parts of the heart
Angina Pectoris: Chest pain resulting from
narrowed coronary arteries
– Heart is not getting enough oxygen
Congestive Heart Failure:
Coronary Heart Disease: A disease in which the
coronary arteries are narrowed or blocked.
Coronary Artery: The blood vessel that carries
oxygenated blood to the heart muscles.
Plaque: Hardened deposits of fat.
List the 7 risk factors you CAN control
Heart healthy Eating, Maintain a Healthy
weight, Manage Stress, Physical Activity,
Quit Smoking, Positive Life style choices,
Taking Medications properly
List the 4 factors you CAN NOT control
Age, Gender, Family History, Ethnicity
Factors which could lead to
Cardiovascular Disease
Gender, Heredity, Smoking, Hypertension,
High Cholesterol, Poor Diet, Diabetes,
Obesity, Lack of exercise, Stress
Atherosclerosis (P. 516)
A disease in which
plaque collects on artery
walls. It worsens
hypertension and makes
blood clots likely. It can
cause blockage of
arteries that feed critical
organs, such as the heart
and brain.
Arteriosclerosis: Tends to
occur naturally as people
age. This is the hardening
and thickening of the
arteries.
Other Types of Heart Disease
Arrhythmia: A heart condition when the heart
may beat very fast or very slow for no
apparent reason. People who do not improve
with the help of drugs can receive a
pacemaker.
Congenital: “Born With”
Pacemaker: a device that is implanted in the
heart to stimulate normal heart contractions.
Murmur: A heart sound that reflects damaged
or abnormal heart valves.
Rheumatic Fever 516
Occurs chiefly in children and teens and
includes inflammation of the heart valves.
Symptoms: Painful, swollen joints and skin
rashes.
Prevention: Getting prompt treatment for
strep throat.
* Autoimmune action-
The Heart
Has 2 Pumps each with
2 Chambers
Right side: Pumps
blood to the lungs for
oxygen
Left side: Sends
oxygenated blood to
the body
Valves: Flaps of tissue
located at the
entrances and exits for
the heart chambers
Blood Vessels (p.209-210)
Arteries: Carry blood
away from the heart,
largest blood vessels
with thick muscular
walls.
Veins- Carry blood
toward the heart
Capillaries- Connect
the arteries to the
veins
Heart Attack (Myocardial Infarction)
p. 517
The event in which blood
vessels that feed the
heart muscle become
blocked and the heart
does not receive oxygen.
It could be caused by a
blood clot, preventing
blood and oxygen from
reaching the heart.
– This year 1,100,000 people
will suffer from a heart
attack, and over 40% will
die (AHA)
Blood Clots
Thrombus: A stationary clot in the blood
Embolus: A traveling blood clot
Aneurysm: The ballooning out of an artery
at a point where it has become weak
Hemorrhage: The breaking of an artery
wall at a point where it has grown weak.
Blood Pressure (P. 519)
The force of blood against
the artery walls.
Hypertension: High blood
pressure, “Silent Killer”.
Hereditary
Systolic: Contraction, This
is the upper value
Diastolic: Relaxation, This
is the lower value
Ok blood pressure is
120/80 or below
140/90 (High BP)
Stages of High Blood Pressure
Pre-hypertension:
Stage I HypertensionStage II HypertensionAntihypertensives-
Blood Pressure 519
Pre-hypertension: A blood pressure that places
people at higher risk for heart disease and
stroke. Range of 120-139/ 80-89.
Stage I: High blood pressure between 140-159/
90-99
Stage II: High blood pressure over 160 / 100
Sphygmomanometer: Used to measure BP
Antihypertensive: A drug that lowers
hypertension or high blood pressure
Cholesterol
A form of fat circulating in the blood that
can accumulate on the inner walls of
arteries. Produced by the liver and in food.
High Cholesterol: 200-239 borderline,
Above 240 High
Below 200 milligrams per deciliter is
desirable
Two Types:
High Density Lipoproteins (HDL)
Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL)
HDL
Good Cholesterol
Takes fat out of the body
HDL levels should be above 45mg/dl
Carry cholesterol to the liver for
breakdown and excretion
The higher the level in the blood, the lower
the risk of developing heart disease
What is the best way to raise your HDL
level?
LDL
Bad Cholesterol
Builds up on artery
walls
LDL levels should be
below 130 mg/dl
Helps lead to
atherosclerosis
Diagnosis & Treatment P. 520
Electro-cardiogramCardiac CatheterizationExercise Stress TestEchocardiogramNuclear Stress TestBalloon AngioplastyStent-
Diagnosis & Treatment
P. 520
Electro-Cardiogram: Electrodes record activity of
heart
Cardiac Catheterization: Catheter is inserted into
the blood vessels of the heart, see if there are
blockages in blood vessels in the heart
Stress Test: Heart action is monitored during bouts
of increasingly difficult exercises on a treadmill
Echocardiogram: Stress test that visualizes heart
walls and pumping action when heart is stressed
Diagnosis & Treatment Cont.
Nuclear Stress Test: Radioactive
substance injected, show pictures of heart
muscle
Angioplasty: Balloon inflated in arteries to
compress plaque on artery wall, can
reduce risk of heart attack
Stent: Stainless steel tube placed in heart
artery to open wall of artery and keep
expanded so blood flow is strong
Diabetes P. 523-524
Insulin – a hormone in the body that regulates
blood sugar
- too much sugar in the blood interferes with
the body’s ability to produce insulin.
- the pancreas secretes hormones like
insulin as well as creating digestive juices to
break down nutrients,
Glucose- sugar
Normal Blood glucose is between 70 -100
milligrams per deciliter of blood.
Types of Diabetes pg. 523
Insulin-dependent ( Type I)- body
produces little or no insulin. This is an
autoimmune disease.
- usually occurs in children
treatment- daily insulin injections
Non- insulin Dependent ( type II)- body
cells do not respond normally to the insulin
that is produced.
- usually occurs in adults over 40
Treatment- weight loss, healthy diet, small
portions, exercise & medications.
What is happening for the first time in
history???
Why is this happening???
- Each year almost 3,600 American kids are
diagnosed with type II diabetes.
- Traditional treatments are not really
working for children with type II
Gestational Diabetes ( similar to type II)diabetes that occurs in some females
during pregnancy. Insulin is produced but
the body is not responding normally to it.
- proper diet and exercise must be
followed so baby will not be harmed,
diabetes usually disappears after birth.
Stroke P. 516
A condition caused by a blocked or broken
blood vessel in the brain, basically shutting
off all blood flow to the brain.
Brain cells die within minutes.
Causes: Thrombus, Embolus,
Hemorrhage, Aneurysm, Compression
from a tumor
One of most common causes is due to a
blood clot in an artery in the brain.
Symptoms of a Stroke
Sudden weakness,
numbness, tingling
Loss of speech
Dizziness, unsteadiness
Dimness, loss of vision
Paralysis
Disability or Death
In a major stroke, part of the brain will die
causing mental and physical damage and loss of
functioning
Cancer P. 531
An uncontrolled growth of
abnormal cells which
spreads into surrounding
tissue and other body
parts.
Lymphomas: Cancers of
the immune system
Leukemia- cancer of the
blood
The key to cancer is EARLY
Detection!!
Tumor (P. 531)
An abnormal mass of tissue that can live
and reproduce itself, but performs no
service to the body.
Benign: A tumor that is not cancerous and
does not spread to other parts of the body.
Rarely life threatening.
Malignant: A tumor that is cancerous and
may spread to other parts of the body.
Stages of Cancer P. 531
The cells can break away from a
malignant tumor and then enter the blood
stream. This can lead to the formation of
tumors in other parts of the body.
Metastasis: The spread of cancer.
“In Situ”: The cancer is not spreading; it is
in its original location.
How Cancer Develops
1. Exposure to carcinogen or
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
initiator
Initiator enters cells
Cells’ genetic material
changes
Promoter may be present
(speeds up development)
Multiplication of cells
Tumors develop
Malignant tumor grows and
spreads to surrounding tissue
Metastasis occurs
Cancer Warning Signs
(P. 534)
CAUT-
Change in bowel or bladder habits
A sore that does not heal
Unusual bleeding or discharge
Thickening or lump in a breast or
elsewhere
I- Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
O- Obvious change in a wart or mole
N- Nagging cough or hoarseness
Most Common Cancer
(P. 535): Skin Cancer
Due to overexposure to the sun for many years.
This is most easily detected because it is plainly
visible.
Basal Cell Carcinoma: The most common form
of skin cancer. It develops on sun-exposed
areas of the body in the form of a small, round,
raised red spot. It is almost always treated if it is
discovered early.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma: 2nd Most common.
Malignant Melanoma: The most dangerous of
skin cancers. It appears as a mole that changes
its appearance and attacks other body parts.
Reducing Your Risk of Cancer
(P. 534-535)
Self Exams & Doctor Tests
Tobacco Free Lifestyle
UV Radiation
Dietary Guidelines
(fiber, variety, antioxidants)
Desirable Weight
Avoid Alcohol
Avoid Exposure to Dangerous Chemicals,
Airborne Fibers, and Air Pollution
Avoid STI’s
Know family Cancer History
Statistics
According to the U.S. Center for Cancer
Statistics: the leading cancer found in
males, regardless of race, is prostate
cancer. The leading cancer found in
females is breast cancer (also lung and
uterus).
Cancer treatment depends on the
following factors P.536
1.
2.
3.
4.
Treatment Approaches
(P. 536)
Surgery- most common,
cuts out the cancer in it’s
ORIGINAL location.
Radiation Therapy- uses
radiation to zero in on
cancer cells ONLY.
Chemotherapy- anti- cancer drugs that kill
cancer cells.
Immunotherapy- weakened cancer cells
are injected into the immune system to
stimulate the system so it will try to fight off
cancer cells.