Transcript Coronary Bypass Surgery

• Arrhythmia Treatment …which you
researched!
• Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
• Angioplasty
• Valve Replacement
• Aneurysm Repair
• Transplant
• Coronary Artery Disease
–Result of plaque buildup in your
coronary arteries that leads to
blockages.
–Hardening of arteries from plaque is
called Atherosclerosis
• It occurs when fat,
cholesterol, and other
substances build up in
the walls of arteries
and form hard
structures called
plaques.
– Narrows the diameter
of the arteries,
reducing blood flow.
• Plaques harden or can rupture
– If the plaque ruptures it creates a blood clot on
the surface which will completely block the artery
• Symptom of plaques: Angina (chest pain or discomfort
that occurs if an area of your heart muscle doesn't get
enough oxygen-rich blood)
• A healthy artery or vein from the body is
connected, or grafted, to the blocked coronary
artery
– The grafted artery or vein goes around the
blocked portion of the coronary artery
– Creates a new path for oxygen-rich blood to flow
to the heart muscle
• Alternative to bypass;
attempts to open a
blockage rather than bypass
it
– Thin, flexible tube with a
balloon at its tip is threaded
through a blood vessel to
the narrow or blocked
coronary artery
– Once in place, the balloon is
inflated to push the plaque
against the artery wall
– This restores blood flow
through the artery
• A stent might be
placed in the coronary
artery to help keep it
open. A stent is a small
mesh tube that
supports the inner
artery wall.
• For the heart to work well, blood must flow in
only one direction.
• Each valve has a set of flaps called leaflets
– The leaflets open to allow blood to pass from one
heart chamber into another or into the arteries.
– The leaflets close tightly to stop blood from
flowing backward.
• Leaflets can thick or
stiff or fuse together,
keeping blood from
flowing through the
valve
• Leaflets may not close
tightly enough causing
blood to leak back into
the heart chambers
• Surgeons will either
repair the valve or
replace it:
– Pig, cow, human
valve
– Man-made valve
• An aneurysm is a balloon-like bulge in the wall
of an artery or the heart muscle.
• When the size of an aneurysm increases, there
is a significant risk of rupture, resulting in
severe hemorrhage, other complications or
death
• A stent graft is inserted through an artery in
the groin.
• The stent graft makes a bridge between the
healthy parts of the aorta (above and below
the aneurysm)
• Surgery to remove a person's diseased heart
and replace it with a healthy heart from a
deceased donor
• Remedies before a heart is found:
– Ventricular assist devices (VADs) is a mechanical
pump
– Total artificial hearts (TAHs) is a device that
replaces the two ventricles
Both ventricles of the heart are
failing to pump enough blood to
sustain the body (end-stage
biventricular failure).
The left and right failing
ventricles are removed.
The four native heart valves are
removed.
The Total Artificial Heart is
implanted and attached via four
quick connects.
Hopefully, a donor heart is
transplanted in the near future!
• Read the article, “Searching For a Substitute”
to examine the history of heart transplants.
– Then answer the 10 questions that accompany it.
• You will be assigned to one of three categories:
– Those representing the doctors and scientists involved
in transplantation,
– Those patients who are waiting for donor hearts and
dying of heart disease,
– The general public.
• Consider the issue of heart transplants, and for
next pull-out, put together your official stance on
the issue as if you were a doctor, a patient, or a
member of the general public!
• http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/eheart/trans
plantwave.html
• http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/eheart/man
made.html
• Test your knowledge of the human
heart…what do you remember?
• http://www.pbs.org/saf/1104/index.html