Transcript Lesson 6. Cardiovascular Diseases - Blyth-Biology11

CIRCULATORY DISORDERS
Lesson 6
HEART HEALTH
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Cholesterol
Smoking
Diabetes
Hypertension
Exercise
Weight
Genetics
Cardiovascular disease deaths
• Every 7 minutes in Canada, someone dies
from heart disease or stroke.
• Heart disease and stroke are two of the
three leading causes of death in Canada.
HEART MURMURS
• A heart murmur is an extra or unusual
sound heard during a heartbeat
• No symptoms
• Usually harmless
ANEMIA
• Lower than normal amount of oxygen
reaching tissues due to:
– Low number of red blood cells
– Less hemoglobin in red blood cells than
normal
– Sickle cell anemia (abnormally shaped red
blood cells)
LEUKEMIA
• Cancer of the blood or bone marrow, where
white blood cells are overproduced
• These extra white blood cells are immature or
dysfunctional, and create a harmful RBC / WBC
imbalance
ANGINA
Angina treatment
• Nitroglycerin dilates
coronary arteries, allowing
blood to reach cardiac
muscle tissue
Ischemic stroke
SYMPTOMS: Weakness, trouble
speaking, vision problems,
headache, dizziness
ANEURYSMS
• Abnormal weakening in artery wall
• Pressure of the blood flowing through the vessel
creates a bulge at the weak spot
• When the size of an aneurysm increases, there
is a significant risk of rupture, resulting in severe
hemorrhage, complications or death
CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE
• Your heart muscle cannot
pump, or eject, the blood out of
the heart very well. This is
called systolic heart failure.
• Your heart muscles are stiff
and do not fill up with blood
easily. This is called diastolic
heart failure.
CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE
• As the heart's pumping action is lost, blood
may back up in other areas of the body,
causing fluid to build up in the lungs, the
liver, the gastrointestinal tract, and the
arms and legs.
• As a result, there is a lack of oxygen and
nutrition to organs, which damages them
and reduces their ability to work properly.
Arteriosclerosis
• General condition where walls of arteries thicken and
lose their elasticity
• Most common form of arteriosclerosis is atherosclerosis,
where plaque builds up on the inside of the artery walls
• Can occur in any artery and particularly dangerous in
arteries that supply the brain, heart, legs and kidneys
• May lead to
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–
–
–
Angina
Blood clots
Heart attack
stroke
Treating Arteriosclerosis: Angioplasty
• Catheter with a
balloon is inserted
into femoral artery
and snaked all the
way to coronary
artery
• Balloon is expanded
and stent holds artery
open
Angioplasty
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fL3Aak_PI-I
HEART ATTACK
(“MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION”)
Treating Arteriosclerosis: Coronary Bypass
• Section of healthy artery or vein from
another part of the body (usually leg) is
removed and put in place of blocked
coronary artery
• Double, triple or quadruple
Symptoms
• Uncomfortable pressure in chest lasting more than a few minutes
• Pain spreading from chest to the shoulders, neck or arms, upper
abdomen, neck, jaw, or inside the arms or shoulders
• Lightheadedness, fainting, sweating, nausea or shortness of
breath
• Anxiety, nervousness and/or cold, sweaty skin.
• Paleness
• Increased or irregular heart rate
• Feeling of impending doom.
CPR: CARDIO-PULMONARY
RESUSCITATION
• If you find someone who seems to be NOT breathing with
NO pulse...
– Try to wake them up!
– Open airway: head-tilt, chin-lift
– Check for breathing again by watching
for chest rising/lowering
• Still not breathing?
– Two mouth-to-mouth breaths
• Still not breathing?
– CPR: 30 two-handed, rapid, deep-chested, firm
compressions
– Follow with head-tilt, chin-lift +
two mouth-to-mouth breaths
– And repeat...
Drugs and the Heart
• Digitalis
– found in foxglove
– treat heart failure
• Beta blockers
– block sites on heart for
epinephrine
– slow down heart rate
(Angina: reduce O2
demand)
Valve disorders: Stenosis
• Replace valve with
human, pig or
synthetic valve
Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)
• Obstruction to blood
flow
• Too much salt
• Arteries must
increase connective
tissue
• Grow increasingly
weak and may rupture
• Can damage kidneys:
kidney failure
Arrhythmia
• Irregular heart beat
• Blocked coronary artery
– Buildup of toxins
– Cause part off heart to beat out of rhythm =
ventricular fibrillation
• Congenital heart defect
– Weak valves
– Backflow affects rhythm
Pacemaker
• Emits electrical signal
to heart, to control
heart beat
Learning Check
• Pg 498, Q 19-24
Congenital Heart Defects
• Since birth
• Holes in septum
• Valve disorders
Diagnosing Circulatory System
Disorders
• Angiography
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kY5gKdFWT3k
• Echocardiogram
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0eKdhHF-JLg
• Cardiac stress test
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x_Z0GF6AuTw
Organ Transplants
• Xenotransplants
• Artificial heart