Transcript Disease of the Heart

Disease/Disorders of the Heart
Arrhythmia/
dysrrhythmia
Bradycardia
Tachycardia
Any change from
normal heart rate or
rhythm
Slow heart rate
(<60 )
Rapid heart rate
(>100 )
Coronary Artery Disease
• Angina Pectoris:
Chest pain, caused
by lack of oxygen to
heart muscle, treat
with nitroglycerin to
dilate coronary
arteries.
• Edema fluid in
tissues, often caused
by poor circulation
Myocardial Infarction
• MI or Heart Attack
• Lack of blood supply to the myocardium
causes damage.
• Due to blockage of coronary artery or
blood clot
• Amount of damage depends on size of
area deprived of oxygen
Myocardial Infarction cont.
• Symptoms: severe chest
pain radiating to left arm,
shoulder, arm, neck, and
jaw, also nausea,
diaphoresis, dyspnea
• Immediate medical care is
critical
• RX bedrest, oxygen,
medication
• Morphine for pain tPA to
dissolve the clot
• Anticoagulant therapy to
prevent further clots
• Angioplasty and by-pass
surgery may be necessary
Vascular Diseases
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Aneurysm
Arteriosclerosis
Atherosclerosis
Hypertension
Hypotension
Embolism
Varicose veins
Disorders of the Blood Vessels
• Aneurysm:
ballooning of an
artery, thinning and
weakening
• Arteriosclerosis:
arterial walls
thicken, lose
elasticity
• Atherosclerosis:
fatty deposits form
on walls of arteries
Aneurysm
http://www.webmd.com/video/abdominal-aortic-aneurysms-stent-graft-tria
Hypertension
• High blood pressure
• Silent Killer usually no
symptoms
• Leads to strokes, heart
attacks, kidney failure
• Higher in African
Americans and postmenopausal women
• Risk factors=smoking ,
overweight, stress, high
fat diets, family history
• Treatment relaxation,
low fat diet exercise
weight loss, medication
Hypotension
• Low blood pressure
systolic <100
• Varicose veins
swollen, distended
veins heredity or
due to posture,
prolonged periods of
standing, physical
exertion, age and
pregnancy
• Embolism is a
traveling blood clot
Diagnosis and Treatment
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Electrocardiogram
Coronary Bypass
AED
Defibrillation
CPR
Artificial Pacemaker
Angiogram
Electrocardiogram
• Electrical Tracing of
the heart
Heart Surgery
• Coronary By-pass
usually a healthy
vein from the leg
removed and
attached before and
after the coronary
obstruction creating
an alternate route
for blood supply to
the myocardium.
AED
• Automated External
Defibrillator
• Defibrillation –
electrical shock to
bring the heart back
to a normal rhythm.
• CPRcardiopulmonary
resuscitation, used
in presence of
cardiac arrest.
• Artificial Pacemaker:
when the heart has
conduction (electrical
impulse) defect
• demand pacemakerfires only when heart
rate drops below
programmed minimum
• Causes heart to
contract
Angiogram
• X-ray of a blood
vessel using dye.
Website Surgery Game
• http://www.abc.net.au/science/lcs/hear
t.htm
• http://video.nationalgeographic.com/vid
eo/player/science/health-human-bodysci/
The End