Transcript heart artery

Cardiovascular system
By Nathaniel Wills, Chase Martinez,
Joseph Williams
Function of System
• Cardiovascular system transports nutrients
wastes and gases throughout the entire body
Circuits and their importance
• Pulmonary circuit- sends oxygen poor blood to lungs to pick
up oxygen and unload carbon dioxide
• Systemic circuit- sends oxygen rich blood and nutrients to all
body cells and removes waste
Heart coverings: Pericardium
• 3 types of pericardium
– Fibrous: outer bag like substance, surrounds the heart in a
double layer sac, made of dense connective tissue
– Parietal: forms inner lining of the fibrous
– Visceral: innermost layer covers the heart
– Parietal cavity contains serous fluid to reduce friction
Wall of heart
• Epicardium- protects the heart by reducing friction,
serous membrane that has connective tissue
• Myocardium- thick, middle layer, mostly made of
cardiac muscle, pumps blood out of heart chambers
• Endocardium- contains specialized muscle fibers,
called Purkinje fibers, continuous inner lining of
blood vessels attached to heart
Heart chambers and Valves
• Atria- upper chambers, thin walls that receive blood
returning to heart from superior and inferior vena
cava, contract blood into ventricles
• Ventricles- receive blood from atria and contract
force of blood out of heart and into arteries
Septum and Valves
• Septum- solid wall, separates left and right
sides
• Atrioventricular valve (AV valve)- tricuspid
valve between the right atria and ventricle
Chordae tendineae
• Coronary sinus- drains blood from right atrium from
myocardium
• Chordae tendineae- attaches cusps of
atrioventricular valves and papillary muscle contracts
when ventricles contract
Pulmonary pathway
• Pulmonary valve- 3 cusps, leads to lungs
• Pulmonary veins- left atrium receives blood
from lungs
Aorta pathway
• Mitral valve (bicuspid valve)- between left
atrium and ventricle
• Aortic valve- three cusps, allows blood to
leave when left ventricle contracts
• Aorta- large artery, bicuspid valve must close
Pulmonary Circuit
• Consists of the vessels that
carry blood from the heart
to the lungs and back to the
heart
• The pulmonary arteries give
rise to arterioles that
continue into the capillary
• From the pulmonary
capillary blood enters the
venuals which mold to form
small veins and these veins
in turn converge to form still
larger veins
Systemic Circuit
• Freshly oxygenated
blood moves from the
left atrium into the left
ventricle
• Contraction of the left
ventricle forces this
blood into the systemic
circuit, which includes
the aorta and its
branches
Arterial System
• The Aorta is the largest diameter artery in the body.
• The Ascending aorta is the first portion.
• Three major arteries originate from the aortic arch
-Brachiocephalic Artery, Left Common Carotid Artery,
Left Subclavian Artery
• The Descending Aorta left of the midline
-The Thoracic Aorta, The Celiac Artery, The Superior and
Inferior Mesenteric Arteries, The Suprarenal Arteries
Arterial System (Cont.)
• The Vertebral Arteries pass upwards through the foramina of
the transverse processes
• The Axillary Artery supplies branches to structures in the axilla
and chest wall and become Brachial Artery
• The Ulnar Artery leads downward, Radial Artery travels along
the radial side
• The Internal Thoracic Artery a branch of the subclavian
• The Common Iliac Arteries at the level of the pelvic brim, The
Internal Iliac Artery gives off many branches, The External Iliac
Artery provides the main blood to the lower limbs
Arterial System (Cont.)
• The Femoral Artery which
approaches the anterior
surface of the upper thigh
• The Popliteal Artery reaches
the proximal border of the
space behind the knee
• Anterior Tibial Artery passes
downward between the tibia
and the fibula
• The Posterior Tibial Artery
the larger of the two
popliteal branches decends
beneath the calf muscles.
Heart Sound
-lubb-dupp sound
-lubb caused when A-V valves contract
-dupp when ventricles relax
-provide information concerning the heart
-inflammation in endocardium can be seen due to
valvular cusps not closing completely
-produces a murmur
-seriousness depends on extent of damage
Blood Types
-Four blood types
-A, B, AB, and O
-blood types determine what blood can be transfused
-A pairs with A, B with B, AB with A or B, and O is
universal
-additional Rh factor
-can be positive or negative
-needs to match with respective charges
Components of Blood
-55% is a clear liquid called plasma
-holds water, amino acids, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids,
vitamins, hormones, electrolytes, and cellular0 wastes
-45% is hematocrit, or HCT (red blood cells_
-White blood cells form a thin layer on top of red blood cells
-capillaries connect smallest arterioles and smallest venules
-exchange substances in blood