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http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/web-focus/events/conferences/lmlag-2007-04/
How Recent Web Developments
Offer Low-cost Opportunities for
Service Development
Brian Kelly
UKOLN
University of Bath
Bath
About This Talk
You may have heard about Web 2.0
technologies (blogs, wikis, RSS,
del.icio.us, Flickr, etc.). But how can
they be exploited by cultural
Email
[email protected] heritage organisations with limited
funds and technical expertise?
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About Me / About UKOLN
Brian Kelly:
• UK Web Focus: a Web advisory post based
at UKOLN
• Funded by JISC and MLA to advise HE/FE
and cultural heritage sectors
• Web enthusiast since Jan 1993
• Attended & spoke at MW 2007 conference
UKOLN:
• National centre of expertise in digital
information management
• Located at the University of Bath www.ukoln.ac.uk
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So… What is Web 2.0?
Marketing term (derived from observing 'patterns')
rather than technical standards – “an attitude not
technology”
Characteristics Of Web 2.0
• Network as platform
• Always beta
• Remix and mash-ups
 Syndication (RSS)
• Architecture of participation
 Blogs & Wikis
 Social networking
 Social tagging
(folksonomies)
• Trust and openness
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Web2MemeMap, Tim O’Reilly,
2005 A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
Web 2.0 Summary
• Blogs (Weblogs): online diary service (and much
more)
• Wikis: easy-to-use collaborative Web-based
authoring tools, e.g. Wikipedia
• Syndication: RSS/Atom formats allow content to
be reused elsewhere
• Mashups: syndicated content & applications e.g.
Google Maps
• Social Networks (1): sharing services (photos,
bookmarks, etc.) such as Flickr, del.ici.ious, …
which ‘get better the more people use them’
• Social Networks (2): services for communities such
as MySpace, Facebook, etc. which are widely used,
especially by young people
• Creative Commons: supporting openness
• Real-time comms: IM, SMS, Gabbly, Skype, …
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www.ukoln.ac.uk
Enough Talking!
http://gabbly.com/
http://www.archives.org.uk/...
How long would it take to a
realtime chat service for your
organisation? How much would
it cost?
How about less than 60
seconds (and free)!
Issues:
• The technologies are there
now 
• Many people are using
them – are you being left
behind?
• The challenges are primarily
social & organisational, not
technical
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Cost: £0
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Library Fundamentalist
Beware the library fundamentalists who:
• Think they know better than the user e.g. they don't like
people using Google Scholar; they should use Web of
Knowledge
• Think users should be forced to learn boolean searching &
other formal search techniques because this is good for
them
• Don't want the users to search for themselves
(folksonomies) because they won't get it right
• Want to classify the entire Web - despite the fact that
users don't use their lists of Web links
• Want services to be perfect before they release them. Are
uneasy with the concept of 'forever beta' (they don't
believe that users can figure things out themselves)
And also beware the museums, archives & IT fundamentalists!
“Users will bypass processes and institutions that they perceive to be slow,
unresponsive, unappealing and irrelevant in favour of a more direct approach to
services offered by others that just might be 'good enough' for what they need to do.”
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Web 2.0: Building the New Library, P Miller, Ariadne, issue 45
www.ukoln.ac.uk
There are Barriers
…
Data protection, copyright,
Performance, security,
accessibility, maturity, IT
services, interoperability…
FoI, IPR, protection of
minors…
Legal
Technical
So what do
Barriers
you do?
Organisational
Assessment, quality,
resources, feeling threatened,
Cultural
AUP, e-gov, public perception,
Ownership, control,
…
inertia, hype, power,
threats, …
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User
User needs,
millennials &
non-millennials,
training, trust;
information
literacy,
…
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Library 2.0 on a Shoestring
The good news:
• Deploying Web 2.0 in your organisation need not
be difficult
• Lots of useful services can be deployed for free 
Here’s how we might go about addressing the barriers:
• Encourage the enthusiast
• Go for low hanging fruit
• Learn from others
• Get senior management on board
• …
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Address the Barriers
How do we address such barriers:
• A change in culture – are the assumptions we
have still valid?
• Being more open (surely a key aspects of what
the public sector is about?)
• Listening to the concerns, and addressing them
• Revisiting AUPs - ensure existing guidelines and
interpretations in these areas are flexible enough
to take into account technological developments,
emerging usage patterns etc.
• Developing more sophisticated models for
standards, accessibility, open source, …
• Developing key principles
• Ongoing debate and discussion
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Low Hanging Fruit
Some suggestions:
• Start off by considering resource implications, impact
assessment and value for money
• Address areas you feel comfortable with (wikis and
blogs?)
• Look at your business needs, what isn’t working, what
needs rethinking and think about a deployment strategy
• Encourage the enthusiasts
• Gain experience of the browser tools (Firefox
extensions!) – and see what you’re missing!
• Provide staff training and development - this is a useful
opportunity for re-skilling staff (keeping up with their
children!)
• Have a risk assessment and management strategy
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Web 2.0
Cost: £0
What Are They Saying About Us?
http://www.walkerart.org/
Blogs are very
interconnected with each
other (bloggers discuss
other’s blog postings).
This can help to provide
feedback; measure impact;
engage in discussions; etc.
You can also monitor what
they are saying about your
Web site.
Find out what bloggers have been saying about your blog or
your Web site – possibly minutes after they’ve said it. You can
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11 then take the praise – or issue a rebuttal in a timely fashion
Web 2.0
Cost: £0
Finding Resources
http://www.technorati.com/search/
%22archives+hub%22
Technorati can help find Blog
articles, RSS feeds, etc.
Technorati search for
“Archives Hub" finds a posting
about posted 2 day ago (have
found 10 minute old postings!)
Note in FireFox you can add a
Technorati search to the builtin search box
What do users want: the home page and what people are saying
today. Google & Technorati are valuable tools, so organisations
should ensure
their
Web
site can
be found in both. www.ukoln.ac.uk
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expertise
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information
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Web 2.0
Cost: £0
Blogs - Reading
http://www.bloglines.com/myblogs
BlogBridge
a desktop blog
reader.
You
are
Bloglines – –
a Web-based
Blog
reader.
You
are
informed
informed of
of changes
changes since
since you
you last
last viewed
viewed the
the
page.
page.
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How do you keep
informed of
developments?
• Do you use a
dedicated blog
reader?
• Are you alerted of
changes to key
blogs?
• Do you focus on
the content, and
avoid the
distractions of
ads, etc.
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Library Blogs
http://bathsciencenews.wordpress.com/
http://tametheweb.com/2007/04/
2007/02/27/upcoming-library-training-sessions/
the_pragmatic_biblioblogger.html
“I can do that!”
Why leave it to others to
dominate the
discussions?
Consider how blogs can
be used:
• To engage with your
users (cf. Bath
Science Library News
Blog)
• To discuss issues with
your peers
• To engage with the
gurus
• …
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Cost: £0
Staff Development
http://podcasts.alablog.org/blog/
_archives/2006/4/12/1881517.html
There's a need for your staff to:
• Understand what Web 2.0
is about
• Learn how to make use of
Web 2.0
This is all subject to constraints
of lack of time; resources; etc.
The Library 2.0 Podcasts
Web sites provides a useful
resources for learning about
new tools, techniques, etc.
May be especially useful for
those who spend time on public
transport!
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Cost: £0
Wikis
http://museums.wikia.com/wiki/Category:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tate_Gallery
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museum
Amersham_Museum_photographs
Wikipedia – best know
example of a Wiki
Having an entry in
Wikipedia – can generate
traffic to your Web site
Or use the Museums
Wikia – dedicated for the
Museum’s sector
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Risk Management
Take risk management approach to evaluation of Web
2.0 technologies (as UKOLN did with IWMW 2006)
• Establish agreements: e.g. in the case of the Chatbot
• Use well-established services: Google & del.icio.us
are well-established and have financial security
• Notification: warnings that services could be lost.
• Engagement: with the user community for evaluation
• Provision of alternatives: multiple OPML tools
• Use in non-mission critical areas: not for bookings!
• Pragmatic approach to legal issues
• Long term experiences of services: usage stats
• Availability of alternative sources of data: e.g.
standard Web server log files.
• Data export and aggregation: RSS feeds, aggregated
in Suprglu, OPML viewers, etc.
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Senior Management
Approaches you could take:
• Just do it anyway – much of this is fairly small
scale stuff management don’t need to know about
• Explain the benefits of Web 2.0, introduce
enthusiasts, demonstrate great sites, make sure
what you do supports your Institutional aims
• Explain what it will cost you to not get involved
(and the risks of in-house solutions, projects,
government initiatives, etc)
“the Web will continue to change rapidly for some time. Web 2.0 is an early one
of many. Libraries must adapt to it, much as they did the Web originally, and
must continually adapt for the foreseeable future. In this "perpetual beta", any
stability other than the acceptance of instability is insufficient.”
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Library 2.0 Theory: Web 2.0 and Its Implications for Libraries
www.ukoln.ac.uk
A Deployment Strategy
Some suggestions:
• Use blog reading tools to find out what’s
happening in your area
• Use RSS for news items (and syndication)
• Explore Wikipedia – and see if there are entries
which you can improve
• Experiment with blogs (one-off activities, internal
use, …)
• Upload photos of your organisation to Flickr and
allow others to reuse
• Evaluate, reflect, and plan for more substantive
uses
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Cost: £0
Engage
Feel free to engage in discussions on the UK Web
Focus blogAat
<http://ukwebfocus.wordpress.com/>
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Conclusions
Web 2.0 can provide real benefits for your organisation
and your users
However organisations tend to be conservative
We therefore need:
• Advocacy
• To listen to users' concerns
• To address users' concerns e.g. risk management
• A change of culture
We can all benefit by adopting Web 2.0 principles of
openness and sharing. So let us:
• Share our advocacy resources, risk management
techniques, etc.
• Develop your own social network based on
openness, trust, collaboration, …
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Any Questions?
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