Transcript Typing PowerPoint

 Each group must fill out the slip of paper for
each Farcebook Page. (You should fill one out
for your poster with the “correct answers”)
 After all posters have been looked at, each
group must collect the papers based on their
poster and look through them. Because you will
be presenting your favorite responses to the
class.
 I will then call each group up one at a time. You
will give your favorite responses to your page,
you will also tell some of the reasoning behind
your page, and then present the correct answers
to the three questions. Everyone will want to
copy the real reasons done because they will
appear on the test next Thursday.
 Blood is vital to our existence
 When blood is lost, blood vessels constrict,
while bone marrow increase blood cell
formation.
 But, our body’s have a limit
 15-30% blood loss leads to pallor and
weakness
 Over 30% leads to severe shock and
possibly death
 To help those with severe blood loss or
severe anemia, whole blood transfusions
may be used.
 Blood banks collect blood from volunteers
 Blood is mixed with an anticoagulant to
prevent clotting
 The treated blood is then stored in a
refrigerated area at 4 ˚C (39.2 ˚F) for up
to 35 days or until used.
 However, not just any blood can be used in
a transfusion.
 Every cell plasma has a genetic marker on
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it that the body can recognize as either
being part of the body or foreign particle.
This substance is known as an antigen.
The body will tolerate its own antigens, but
will attack anything that has a different
antigen with a specific antibody.
This is important because humans have
two antigens: A and B.
However, this results in 4 blood types. A,
B, AB (has both), and O (has neither)
 During infancy, the body develops antibodies
against those antigens that are not already in
the body.
 For instance, a person with Type A blood will
develop antibodies for Type B blood, but not
A.
 If the wrong blood is given, the antibodies
will attack the blood cells, this causes
 The foreign blood to clump
(agglutination) which could clog small
blood vessels.
 Then, the foreign blood cells are lysed
(ruptured) by the body’s defenses,
releasing their hemoglobin into the blood
stream.
 Freed hemoglobin can then block kidney
tubules and cause kidney failure.
 Other symptoms can include a fever,
chills, nausea and vomiting
 Treatment is aimed at preventing kidney
failure by infusing the patient’s blood
with alkaline fluids to dilute and dissolve
the hemoglobin as well as diuretics to
help flush the patients system using
urine.
 Besides the ABO blood types, humans may
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also have another antigen known as the Rh
factor.
If a person has the Rh factor, they are said
to be Rh+.
If this antigen is missing, the person is Rh-.
Unlike the A and B antibodies, if a person is
Rh-, the anti-Rh+ antibodies are not
produced until after the body has been
exposed to it.
Why is that important?
 It means that a person with Rh- blood can be
exposed to Rh+ blood once without the blood
being attacked, but the second time, the
body will be ready for the Rh+ blood.
 Where does this have the biggest impact?
Rh- mothers who have Rh+ babies.
 During a normal pregnancy, the mother’s and
baby’s blood will not mix. However, during
childbirth, it is very common for the blood to
mix.
 This means that there usually aren’t any
complications during a first pregnancy, but
lives could be in jeopardy during a second
childbirth.
 Type O- blood is considered to be the
universal donor, while AB+ is the universal
recipient.
 Its genetic
 Our genes are coded that we will have A, B,
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AB or O blood as well as either be Rh+ or RhSo, it is back to genetics and punnett
squares.
Just remember that Type A (and Type B)
blood could be AA or AO (BB or BO).
Also, that A and B are codominate, so they
can make the AB blood type and that O is
recessive.
Finally, Rh+ is dominate, while Rh- is
recessive.
 I have O+ blood, while my wife has B+ blood.
What type of blood could our children have?
Let’s take a look at all of the options. Let’s
start with just the ABO blood type.