Transcript Chapter 2x
CHAPTER 2: BIOLOGICAL BEGINNINGS LECTURE PREPARED BY DR. M. SAWHNEY EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE Evolutionary Psychology GENETIC FOUNDATIONS OF DEVELOPMENT • Chromosome • DNA • Genes HUMAN GENOME PROJECT • 20,500 genes • Genes work in collaboration • Environment influences a genes inhibition and excitation • http://www.youtube .com/watch?v=VJy cRYBNtwY GENES AND CHROMOSOMES • • • • Mitosis Meiosis Fertilization Sources of Variability • Genotype • Phenotype CHROMOSOMAL ABNORMALITIES • Down Syndrome • Also called Trisomy 21 syndrome • Physical characteristics SEX- LINKED CHROMOSOMAL ABNORMALITIES • • • • Klinefelter Syndrome Turner Syndrome XYY Syndrome Fragile X Syndrome FRAGILE X SYNDROME • More common in boys than girls • Boys 1 in 4,000 and girls 1 in 8,000 • Similar physical features across different ethnicities • Cognitive features like hyperventilation and hypersensitivity GENE LINKED ABNORMALITIES • Phenylketonuria (PKU) • Sickle Cell Anemia REPRODUCTIVE CHALLENGES & CHOICES • 4 yrs after marriage Jesse and Tracy gave birth to their first child. Jack appeared to be a healthy infant, but by 7month of age his growth had slowed and he was diagnosed with Tay-Sachs disease. When Jack died at 3 yrs of age, his parents were devastated. Although they did not want to bring another infant to the world who might go under the same suffering, they badly wanted a child. PRENATAL DIAGNOSTIC TESTS • • • • • • Ultrasound Sonography Brain Imaging Techniques Chronic Villus sampling Amniocentesis Maternal Blood Screening Fetal Sex Determination INFERTILITY & REPRODUCTIVE CHOICES • Infertility • 10-15 percent American couples experience infertility • This can be corrected by: • In vitro fertilization http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M bz2OxZPKnE • Adoption HEREDITY-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION • Behavior genetics • Twin Study • Adoption study • Passive genotypeenvironment correlation • Evocative genotypeenvironment correlation • Active (niche-picking) genotype-environment correlations HEREDITY-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION • Shared environmental experiences • Nonshared environmental experiences • Epigenetic view • Gene x Environment (G x E) Interaction