Transcript Slide 1 - EnglishforScienceandTechnology-Chem

BABES-BOLYAI UNIVERSITY
Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
TECHNICAL ADVISER :
lecturer Ph.D. Cristina Felea
Biotechnology and Crop Engineering
GROUP MEMBERS :
Cristina Maria Luca
Ioana Florea
BIOTECHNOLOGY
applied biology that involves the use of living organisms and
bioprocesses in engineering, technology, medicine and other fields
requiring bioproducts.[ 15 ]
GENETIC CROP ENGINEERING
it represents the manipulation of a plants genetic material by :
 introducing,
 enhancing, specific genes
 eliminating
gene inserted
GENE
identified & isolated
gene
replication
into plasmid
bacterium mixed with
plant cells
plasmid inserted
heavy metal coated
with plasmid DNA
PLANT CELL
with DNA insert into chromosome
in cell
cell shot with
gene gun
gene screened
for transgene
TRANSFORMED CELL
identified with selectable marker
TRANSGENIC PLANT
ADVANTAGES
 Enhanced taste and quality
 Reduced maturation time
 Increased nutrients, yields, and stress tolerance
 Improved resistance to disease, pests, and herbicides
 New products and growing techniques[11]
In conventional farming
 the conventional seeds are usually treated
with fungicides and insecticides
 are used synthetic fertilisers
 toxic pesticides to control "pests" & weed
DISADVANTAGES
 human health impacts
 allergens,
 transfer of antibiotic resistance markers,
 unintended transfer of transgenes through cross-pollination,
 unknown effects on other organisms
 loss of biodiversity
ETHICS
 Violation of natural organisms
Tampering with nature by mixing
genes among species
 Objections to consuming animal
genes in plants and vice versa
 Stress for animal[1]
SAFETY FOODS AROUND THE WOLRD
maize cultivation MON810 banned in :
 Germany - april 2009
 France
 Austria
 Greece
 Hungary
 Luxembourg
no objections...for now, in :
 USA
 Canada - from Health Canada 'MON810 offers the
Canadian grower protection against the loss of yield
due to infestation with the European Corn Borer (ECB),...'[ 5 ]
 UE - Directive 90/220/EEC [ 4 ]
SAFETY FOODS IN ROMANIA
 Ordinul MAPDR nr.237/2006 privind autorizarea cultivatorilor de plante modificate genetic
publicat în Monitorul Oficial, Partea I, nr. 337 din14.04.2006;(pdf, 94 KB)
 Ordinul MAPDR nr.471/2006 pentru completarea şi modificarea Ordinul MAPDR
nr.237/2006 privind autorizarea cultivatorilor de plante modificate genetic publicat în Monitorul
Oficial, Partea I, nr. 663 din 2.08.2006; (pdf, 71 KB)
 OUG nr.43/2007 privind introducerea deliberata
în mediu şi introducerea pe piaţă a organismelor
modificate genetic publicat în Monitorul Oficial,
Partea I, nr.435 din 28.06.2007; (pdf, 340 KB)
 OUG nr.195/2005 privind protecţia mediului,
publicat în Monitorul Oficial, Partea I, nr.1196 din
30.12.2005; (pdf, 275 KB)
 HG nr. 173/2006 privind trasabilitatea si
etichetarea organismelor modificate genetic
si trasabilitatea alimentelor si hranei pentru
animale, obtinute din organisme modificate
genetic, publicat in Monitorul Oficial nr.
206/6.03.2006.
 Legea 265/2006 pentru aprobarea Ordonantei de urgenţă a guvernului nr.195/2005 privind
protecţia mediului, publicat în Monitorul Oficial, Partea I, nr.586 din 6.07.2006; (pdf, 68 KB)
papers
country
analytical
methods for
GM's
concerning
GM's food
influences on
mouse
(Italy)
concerning
heat
influences on
GM's
(Gemany)
EU
46
1
1
Japan
13
China
18
2002
2010
USA
3
RESPONSE :
'The vast majority of the 41 articles
published in 2008 and 2009 indicate no
impact on these organisms and only
two articles indicate a minor effect,
which is either inconsistent during the
planting season or represents an
indirect effect. Publications from 1996
to 2008 (376 publications) and recent
meta-analyses do not allow to conclude
on consistent effects either.'
replied Monsanto to german goverment
after they decided to ban MON180
WHAT THE SCIENTISTS THINK ABOUT IT :
articles
50
45
40
35
number
In fact looking into a prestigious
magazine
like
Journal
of
Agriculture, Food & Chemystry,
from 2002 to 2010, we find 80
articles about GMO
30
25
20
15
10
5
UE
J
CH
2010
2009
2008
year
2007
2006
USA
CH
2005
2004
2003
2002
0
J
UE
USA
 98% detection of GMO's
 1% heat degradation of DNA
 1% immune response of a mouse to GMO's food
[ 14 ]
Tomato
[ 10 ]
cotton
[ 12 ]
alfalfa
[ 11 ]
alfalfa
Sweet Peppers
rice
[ 13 ]
[6]
Rapeseed
[7]
Hawaiian papaya
[8]
Squash
Liste of references
1. D.S.T. Nichols, Genetical Engineering, Cambridge University Press, 2008
2. A. Ricroch, & all, 'Is the German suspension of MON810 maize cultivation
scientifically justified ?', Springer Science & Business Media B.V.2009
3. * * * Detection and Quantification of Genetically Modified Organisms, UE
4. * * * Office of Food Biotechnology, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0L2
5. * * * www.all-creatures.org
6. * * * www.gazeley.com
7. * * * www.growhawaii.com
8. * * * www.meristem.com
9. * * * www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Humangenome
10. * * * www.oklahoma4h.okstate.edu
11. * * * www.seedland.com
12. * * * www.soils.wisc.edu
13. * * * www.treehugger.com
14. * * * www.tumbledownfarm.com
15. * * * www.wikipeidia.org