Transcript Genetic Engineering

GENETIC ENGINEERING
The process of manipulating genes for practical
purposes
Recombinant DNA

DNA created from 2 or more different organisms.
Steps in a Genetic Engineering
Experiment

Cutting DNA Restriction
enzymes from bacteria are used to cut out
portions of DNA
 Plasmids- circular DNA molecules that can replicate
independently
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Recombinant DNA is made using ligase to piece the
segments together
Genes are cloned by the host
Cells with the new DNA are seperated from those
without the new DNA
Confirmation of a Cloned Gene

DNA from each clone is cut with restriction enzymes
and sorted using gel electrophoresis.
The Human Genome Project

A research project designed to identify the
encoding of human DNA
Completed in 2003, the Human Genome Project (HGP) was a 13-year project
coordinated by the U.S. Department of Energy and the National Institutes of
Health. During the early years of the HGP, the Wellcome Trust (U.K.) became
a major partner; additional contributions came from Japan, France, Germany,
China, and others.
Uses of Genetically Modified DNA

Drugs- sometimes disorders and illness prevent the
body from making critical proteins.
 Drug
companies use this method of genetic engineering
to make the proteins
Other Uses

Vaccines- solutions containing all or part of a
harmless version of a pathogen.
 The
immune system recognizes the surface proteins and
responds by defensive proteins and antibodies.
DNA Fingerprinting

A pattern of dark bands on photographic film that
shows the pattern of fragments separated by gel
electrophoresis.
Agricultural /Farm Uses

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More Nutritious Crops
Larger meat producing animals
Hardier plants that can survive climate changes
-transgenic organisms
 Dolly
the sheep
Risks of GMO’s
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You DecideEach table will read an article on genetic
engineering. Collect information from the article,
them make a poster about what you learned.
 You
will share these in front of the class TODAY.