Transcript Genetic Engineering

Biotechnology
and
Genetic
Engineering
Human Genetic Engineering
Introductory video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dKBfxoP
nT7g
8:19 in length
Genome
• All an organism’s
genetic information
• Chromosomes
• Genes
• DNA
Human Genome Project
• Mapped bacterial genome
• Mapped genes on all human
chromosomes
Computer Analysis of DNA
Computer analysis of DNA
HGP Pros
• Commercial success(created $800,000
billion and employed 4 million)
• Many serious diseases and disorders are
better understood and treated
• Predict/maybe even cure genetic disorders
• More “intelligent” drugs to treat disorders
• Learn how bacteria cause disease
• Make disease-resistant plants
HGP Cons
• Ethical questions: some people believe it
messes with natural selection and
sequencing.
• Privacy issues. Personal genetic
information is shared with organizations
and could someday lead to who gets
treatment.
• GMOs. Controversy over genetically
modifying our food supply.
Video on ethics:
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Apjebt
al8bQ
Ethical, Legal, Social Implications of Genetic
Knowledge
(Less than 2 minutes)
Plasmids
• Circular DNA in bacteria
• Extra chromosomes
• Offer variation in bacteria
Recombinant Plasmid
• Genetic engineering is based on
the use of recombinant DNA
• Combining DNA from plasmid and
another source (contains DNA
from more than one organism).
Recombinant Plasmid- Cut
• Restriction enzymes (endonuclease)
• Recognize and cut at specific DNA
sequence (Recognition
sequence/Restriction site)
• Form “sticky ends”
Recombinant PlasmidInsert and Paste
• “Sticky ends” from 2 DNAs cut with same
restriction enzyme join
• How DNA ligase works:
Transformation
• Bacteria cells take in recombinant plasmid
• Recombinant plasmid reproduces
Transformation Test
• Add antibiotic-resistant genes
• Grow bacteria on plate with
antibiotics
• Survive = bacteria with genes
(recombinant DNA)
• Animation of Recombinant DNA:
• http://www.dnalc.org/view/15476Mechanism-of-Recombination-3Danimation-with-with-basic-narration.html
(less than 2 minutes)
Transgenic Organisms
(GMO)
• Given a foreign gene
•
•
Used to create human hormones & proteins
Used widely in agriculture
Eyes of Nye – GMO Foods
http://ecowatch.com/2014/10/15/bill-nyescience-guy-gmo-foods/
Length 7:58
Cloning
• Organisms made with exact same
DNA
This is Nico!!!!! No genetic
engineering!! LOL
The Eyes of Nye – Cloining
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W4vOPa
onZng&safe=active
Length: 24:45
Viruses
•
•
•
•
Inject their DNA into host cell
Host cell makes copies and viral proteins
Viruses reproduce
Used to introduce new genes
in organisms
• Called “vectors”
Gene Therapy
•
•
•
•
•
Treat genetic disorders
Correct gene inserted into viral DNA
Virus puts gene back in body
Correct gene replicated
Correct proteins made
Gene Therapy Video Clip
Exposure Therapy Helps People Control
Their Fears
http://news.discovery.com/human/videos/ho
w-does-gene-therapy-work-video.htm
Length: 3:39
NBC News clip: Gene Therapy Offers New
Hope to Cancer Patients
http://www.nbcnews.com/video/nightlynews/53784650#53784650
Length: 2:22
• Gel electrophoresis is a
method for separation and
analysis of macromolecules
(DNA, RNA and proteins)
and their fragments, based
on their size and charge.
• Example of using Gel Electrophresis from
the Genetic Engineering (Frog DNA…)
youTube video we watched:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nfC689El
UVk
This video actually shows the entire process of recombinant DNA.
Gel electrophresis is at the very end. (frog DNA video)
• An electrical current is used to separate a
mixture of DNA fragments from each
other.
Under an ultraviolet light DNA fragments of
different sizes appear as different bands in
the gel.