Transcript virus - BiG.NeT

Do Now
A boy has Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
(DMD). DMD is a sex linked disease (X
chromosome). If he has children with a
women who is not a carrier - can his sons
and daughters have this disease?
DO Now
A boy is recessive for colorblindness (x
linked trait). If he has children with
someone who is a carrier for
colorblindness what will the phenotype
and genotypes look like.
Homework Due Friday
Ecology Review for test
Chapter 3 pages 62-80
Questions page 83 # 1- 10
Questions 85 # 1-7
Do Now
Cross a heterozygous tall pea plant with a
homozygous short plant. What are the
phenotypes and genotypes .
Cross GgTt xGgTt ( G = green gg = yellow
T=Tall tt= dwarf). List all possible
combinations. Hint 9:3:3:1.
AIM
Quiz on Punnett Squares
begin review for State of California Testing
– Next Week!
Friday review and research “Biology
Project!”
What is a Virus? How is it different from
Bacteria?
For one thing, they differ greatly in size.
The biggest viruses are only as large as
the tiniest bacteria.
Another difference is their structure.
Bacteria are complex compared to viruses.
Bacteria
A virus may or may not have an outermost
spiky layer called the envelope. All viruses
have a protein coat and a core of genetic
material, either DNA or RNA. And that's it.
Period.
Which brings us to the main difference
between viruses and bacteria—the way
they reproduce
Reproduction
 Viral vs. Bacterial Reproduction
 Bacteria contain the genetic blueprint (DNA) and
all the tools (ribosomes, proteins, etc.) they need
to reproduce themselves.
 Viruses are moochers. They contain only a
limited genetic blueprint and they don't have the
necessary building tools. They have to invade
other cells and hijack their cellular machinery to
reproduce. Viruses invade by attaching to a cell
and injecting their genes or by being swallowed
up by the cell.
These are T4 bacteriophages (back-tear-e-oh-faj-es).
They are a kind of virus that infects bacteria. Here they
are landing on the surface of an E. coli bacterium.
How to identify Prokaryotes?
Shape - Rod shaped are called bacilli.
Spherical shaped are called cocci. Spirilla
are shaped like corkscrew-shaped.
Cell Walls – some are thicker called Grampositive.
Movement –
Prokaryotes placed in two Kingdoms
Prokaryotes are divided into two groups
1) Kingdom Eubacteria - Example, E. coli,
they live in fresh water, on land, and within
human body. They are surronded by cell
wall that contains peptidoglycan – a
carbohydrate.
Archaebacteria
Second class of prokaryotes – they live in
extreme conditions, example- hot springs,
salt lakes and cow’s gut.
They lack peptidoglycan and the DNA
sequences are more like those of
eukaryotes than those of eubacteria.
How do Prokaryotes get/make energy?
Heterotrophs  Chemoheterotrophs take in organic
molecules for energy and carbon. Are
Humans chemoheterotrophs.
Photoheterotrophs – they photosynthesize
but they also take in organic compounds.
Autotrophs
Photoautotrophs – use light energy to
convert Co2 And water to carbon
compounds and oxygen.
Interest Grabber
What Viruses Mean to You
Section 19-2
If you have ever had a cold, you are
probably familiar with the word virus. It
is a word that makes most people
frown.
1. What do you think of when you hear the word virus? Make a list of all the
words you can think of that relate to viruses.
2. What are two things that you would like to find out about viruses?
Figure 19-9 Virus Structures
Section 19-2
Tobacco Mosaic
Virus
T4 Bacteriophage
Head
DNA
Influenza
Virus
RNA
Capsid
proteins
Capsid
RNA
Tail
sheath
Tail
fiber
Surface
proteins
Membrane
envelope
Figure 19-10 Lytic and Lysogenic Infections
Figure 19-11 Viruses and Cells
Section 19-2
Interest Grabber
Section 19-3
Bacteria vs. Humans
Bacteria are all around you—in the air
you breathe, under your feet, on your
skin, and even in your body! They may
be tiny, but they can still have an impact
on your life.
Use what you already know about
bacteria to answer these questions.
Common Diseases Caused by Bacteria
Section 19-3
Disease
Pathogen
Prevention
Tooth decay
Streptococcus mutans
Regular dental hygiene
Lyme disease
Borrelia burgdorferi
Protection from tick bites
Tetanus
Clostridium tetani
Current tetanus vaccination
Tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Vaccination
Salmonella food poisoning
Salmonella enteritidis
Proper food-handling practices
Pneumonia
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Maintaining good health
Cholera
Vibrio cholerae
Clean water supplies
Common Diseases Caused by Viruses
Section 19-3
Type of Virus
Nucleic Acid
Disease
Oncogenic viruses
DNA
Cancer
Retrovirus
RNA
Cancer, AIDS
Adenoviruses
DNA
Respiratory infections
Herpesviruses
DNA
Chickenpox
Poxviruses
DNA
Smallpox