Transcript TOPIC: Applied Genetics AIM: What methods can be used to

TOPIC: Applied Genetics
AIM: What methods can be
used to develop organisms with
desirable traits?
Do Now: List and explain two
ways genetic disorders can be
detected.
What are 3
methods used
to develop
organisms with
desirable
traits?
SELECTIVE BREEDING
CLONING
GENETIC ENGINEERING
What is
selective
breeding?
The crossing of plants or animals
that have desirable traits to
make offspring with those same
traits
2 types:
– hybridization
– inbreeding
Selective Breeding: A case study
Selective Breeding: A case study
Hybridization
Crossing 2 genetically
different but related species
HYBRID = new offspring
Best of both parents
Example: horse + donkey 
mule (hybrid)
Hybridization
Braham
cattle:
good
resistance
to heat but
poor beef
Shorthorn
cattle: good
beef but
poor heat
resistance
Santa Gertrudis
cattle: formed
by crossing
Braham and
shorthorn 
good heat
resistance and
beef
Hybridization
Jaglion = jaguar + lion
Hybridization
Tigon = male tiger + female lion
Hybridization
Liger = male lion +
female tiger
Hybridization
TOPIC: Applied Genetics
AIM: What is cloning?
Do Now: Why is
hybridization a form of
selective breeding?
Advantages
Crossing plants or animals that
have the same or very similar
characteristics
Pass on/preserve good traits
Disadvantages
Offspring are:
Inbreeding
– Smaller and weaker
– More susceptible to diseases
– More prone to genetic disorders
Cloning
Technique used to produce
offspring with desired traits
Clone
Organism that is genetically
identical to the organism from
which it is produced (same
genes)
Cloning
Dolly = 1st cloning of an adult mammal
(sheep) 1997
Idaho Gem = 1st cloned mule (MAY 2003)
Cloned from a champion racing mule
CopyCat (Cc) = 1st cloned cat (2002)
What is
genetic
engineering?
Process in which genes (pieces of DNA)
from one organism are transferred into
another organism
Making changes in the DNA of an organism
“ gene splicing”
What is
recombinant
DNA?
Combined DNA (from 2 organisms)
DNA from complex organism is cut and
placed into the DNA of a simple organism
Simple cells with recombinant DNA can
produce proteins made in the complex
organism
Example:
Inserting human DNA into bacterial cell DNA 
bacteria cell can produce insulin
What is a
plasmid?
Ring of DNA in bacteria
Genetic Engineering
(plasmid)
(Recombinant
DNA)
What can
genetic
engineering
be used to
produce?
Insulin
Human growth hormone
Hepatitis B vaccine
Interferons
To improve food crops
Proteins for blood clotting