Transcript Vocabulary 7

DNA
1) DNA – made of subunits known as
nucleotides – made of:
• sugar
• phosphate
• base
• Shape: Double Helix
• Found in the nucleus; chromosomes
2) The four bases that make up DNA
nucleotides are:
•
•
•
•
•
Adenine – A
Thymine – T
Guanine – G
Cytosine - C
A pairs with T, G pairs with C
3) Scientists who discovered DNA:
• Rosalind Franklin – used
Xrays to see DNA
• James Watson and Francis Crick
made models to determine DNA
structure – double helix
4) Mutation – a permanent change
that happens in a gene or a
chromosome
• When one of the 4 base pairs is :
–(substitution) “replaced” or
–(insertion) “added” or
–(deletion) “removed”
5) Genetic engineering
• Transferring genes from one
organism to another for desired
results
Ex: making human insulin to treat
people with diabetes
6) Cloning
• Using DNA from an organism to
“create” an identical organism - a
type of genetic engineering.
• EX: dolly, the sheep
7) Selective breeding
• Mating organisms to get a
desired trait:
• EX: chickens – more eggs
• EX: dog breeds – for show casing
or hunting
8) Write the complementary strand for
this DNA:
TTA CGC TGC AGG CCC