Transcript ADVANCES IN GENETICS BLOG VERSION

ADVANCES IN GENETICS
Sequencing DNA
·Before we can produce organisms with desired traits, w
must first sequence DNA.
·What do we call the process of sequencing DNA?
·DNA Fingerprinting
DNA Fingerprinting
·Application of knowledge:
From your readings, how is DNA fingerprinting used in today’s world?
Standards Check
Identify each sentence as True
or False.
Highlight the part that makes a
sentence false.
1. DNA fingerprinting is a method scientists
use to sequence DNA. True
2. DNA fingerprinting is not used as a way to
solve murders and crimes. False
3. DNA can be used to identify family relations and hereditary diseases. True
4. DNA fingerprinting has not helped us to better understand how traits are
passed on. False
Advances in Genetics
·As humans, are we capable of producing organisms with
certain desirable traits?
·Identify the methods that allow us to do this:
·Selective Breeding
·Genetic Engineering
·Cloning
What is selective breeding?
·The human practice of breeding animals or plants that have certain
desired traits.
·What are some examples of selective breeding from our articles?
Selective Breeding Interesting Fact!
·Is that a fact!? As a result of selective breeding, the smallest horse is the Falabella,
which is only about 76cm tall. The largest is the Shire, originally bred in England. The
Shire can grow to more than 1.73m high at the shoulder and weigh as much as 910kg
What is
SELECTIVE BREEDING?
·Breeding: males and females mate to produce offspring
·Selective breeding: people choose organisms (males and females) with
desired traits to produce offspring with the desired traits
Dogs That Changed The World
·Watch this video on how selective breeding has changed the Saluki bre
throughout history.
·Speedy Saluki
·Answer this question on your paper: Why is it important for the Bedou
people to selectively breed Saluki for speed and sight?
Dogs That Changed The World
·Think, Write, Share
·Ask yourself: Are there any “cons” to selectively breeding dogs for cert
traits?
·Write your answer on your paper
·Share and discuss your answer with your table.
·
Watch this video: Hard-Wired
·Discuss any changes you would make to your previous answer after
watching this video.
What is
SELECTIVE BREEDING?
·Farmers SELECT and save the BEST corn seeds.
·The seeds are planted the next year to grow better tasting corn.
Selective Breeding
·Imagine this: You are a farmer. You support your family financially by
growing corn. Your neighbor also grows corn, so you must compete with
him to have the best corn in town!
·How can you use selective breeding to increase your profits in future
years?
Selective Breeding
·Another type of selective breeding is called Hybridization.
·Hybridization: the controlled breeding of organisms with different genes in
order to produce offspring with both desired traits.
Standards Check
Identify each sentence as True
or False.
Highlight the part that makes a
sentence false.
1. Genetic engineering is the process of controlling breeding to produce
offspring with certain traits. False
2. Selective breeding is a result of natural mating. False
3. Selective breeding is used by dog breeders
around the world. True
4. There are no "cons" to selectively
breeding organisms. False
Selective Breeding- Hybridization
·Schnauzer + Poodle = Schnoodle
SELECTED BREEDING
·HYBRIDIZATION
·Two different types of colored corn produce corn with BOTH colors
·Corn resistant to insects is crossed with corn that has lots of kernels.
SELECTED BREEDING
·Inbreeding: organisms (males and females) with SIMILAR genes mate to produce
offspring with similar traits
·Possible problems: “bad” genes are also passed to the new generation
What is Genetic Engineering?
·The
manipulation of individual genes within organisms.
·Also called “gene splicing” because a DNA molecule is cut open, and a
gene from another organism is spliced into it.
Genetic Engineering
·Genes may be even transferred from one organism to
another!
·What article did you read that discussed this form of
genetic engineering?
·Green Flourescent Protein! GFP was transferred from jellyfish
into many different organisms (fruit flies, mice and rabbits).
Genetic Engineering
·Use your prior knowledge and your article readings to help you answ
this question:
·In what ways can we use genetic engineering?
Standards Check
Identify each sentence as True
or False.
Highlight the part that makes a
sentence false.
1. Genetic engineering is the process of manipulating individual genes within
an organism. True
2. Genes may not be transferred from one
organism to another. False
3. Scientists use genetic engineering to create new products, such as drugs,
foods, or fabrics. True
4. Gene therapy is the process of inserting working copies of a gene into a
person's cell. True
Genetic Engineering
·Watch these videos on how genetic engineering is an integral part of
today’s agricultural processes.
·3rd and 5th: History's Harvest: Genetic Engineering and
Agriculture
·4th and 6th: History's Harvest: Genetic Engineering and Controversy
Genetic Engineering Interesting Fact
·Did you know? Gene therapy is an experimental field of medical research
in which defective genes are replaced with healthy genes.
·One way to insert healthy genes involves using a delivery system called a
“gene gun” to inject microscopic gold bullets coated with genetic material.
·Genes and DNA: Genetic Engineering and Gene Therapy
Genetic Engineering
A Gene Gun
This is Gene!
This is Gene's Gene Gun!
Standards Check
Identify each sentence as True
or False.
Highlight the part that makes a
sentence false.
1. A clone is an organism that has mostly the same DNA as another organism.
False
2. There is currently no controversy
over the cloning of humans. False
3. Because of cloning, Dolly the sheep was vicious. False
4. Cloning can greatly increase the amount of food produced in the world.
True
GENETIC ENGINEERING
·Genes from one organism are transferred into the DNA of another organism.
·Also called “gene splicing” because a DNA molecule is cut open, and a gene from
another organism is spliced into it.
·WHY? Produce medicines, improve food crops, may cure genetic disorders.
·Gene Therapy is trying to help people with genetic disorders
·Scientists are still researching and experimenting with this therapy
·Scientists insert healthy genes directly into the cells of a person with a
genetic disorder to replace the defective, or problem, gene.
What is cloning?
·Cloning is the process of producing an organism with an EXACT copy o
another organism’s DNA.
·In what ways was cloning described in the articles you read?
What is CLONING?
·CLONING: scientists produce an offspring that has the
EXACT same DNA as one adult
1. Scientists remove the DNA from an EGG cell
2. Scientist put the DNA from an adult cell into the egg cell
3. Scientists put the EGG into a female animal to grow
4. The offspring is an EXACT COPY of the adult
Hello, Dolly!
·OL: Watch this video on Dolly, the first mammal ever cloned.
·Hello, Dolly: One Controversial Sheep
·AC: Watch this video on the process of cloning Dolly the sheep.
·Genetics: Cloning
Trace the process of cloning Dolly
After watching the video and reading, list the four steps
scientists performed in order to clone Dolly the sheep.
Scientists remove the nucleus from one of
Dolly’s EGG cells
2. Scientists put the nucleus from an adult
cell into the egg cell
3. Scientists put the EGG into a female
animal to grow
4. The offspring is an EXACT COPY of the
adult
1.
Cloning Comic Strip
·Now it is time to illustrate the cloning process.
·3rd and 5th: you may choose to illustrate Dolly the sheep or any other
mammal you would like.
·4th and 6th: illustrate cloning using a mammal other than a sheep.