Transcript HUMAN. Distinguish between antibodies and antigens

Which of the following is not an
example of biotechnology
research?
A. Environmental contaminants
B. Removing food allergies
C. Developing more effective
types of insulin
D. Analyzing the composition of
planets
is the use of living systems and organisms to
make useful products.
Examples of biotechnology:
1. Making antibiotics in large quantities.
A penicillin factory in Europe.
2. Making other medications, such as insulin
(for diabetes).
Insulin was extracted
from pigs until the
1980s.
Today, human insulin
producing DNA is
placed into a bacteria
that create exact
copies of human
insulin.
3. Catching criminals. Like your fingerprints,
your DNA is unique, and so people can be
identified by their DNA.
This woman is
collecting DNA
evidence from
blood at a fake
crime scene.
Genetic modification or genetic engineering
– use of biotechnology techniques to insert
a gene from one organism into another.
Example, GM
cotton has a gene
from a naturally
occurring soil
bacterium to
provide it with
insect resistance.
WARNING: It doesn't always work
Another example of Genetic Engineering
These bananas have been genetically modified
to produce vaccines.
Click Me
Bioremediation - form of biotechnology that
does not change an organism’s genes.
Instead, it uses existing kinds of bacteria to
clean up the environment.
Genetic engineers have used certain kinds of
bacteria to eat oil.
Some radioactive materials can be eaten
by certain bacteria.
Cloning - a process by which identical copies of an
organism are made. The copy, or clone, possesses
exactly the same genetic material as the original
organism. Some kinds of plants can be cloned just
by cutting off a piece and planting it. Cloning can
also bring extinct animals back into existence.
Woolly Mammoth went extinct 23,000 years
ago
A woolly mammoth
was pulled out of ice
in 1999 in Siberia.
Meet me
Buttercup’s teeth
Another one was
found in 2014
Hi! I'm Buttercup.
Dolly, the sheep, was
the first cloned
mammal. Lived 19962003.
8. Not everyone agrees with advances in
biotechnology, especially GMO in foods.
Many feel DNA
alteration is
unnatural.
GMO
controversy
Biotechnology in North Carolina
 Raleigh-based North Carolina Biotechnology
Center has an office on AB Tech campus in
Candler.
 NC is one of the top states in biotechnology
and a leader in cancer research and
treatment.
 New "designer" enzymes are used to
manufacture bioethanol, a non-polluting
fuel made from plant material that can be
used in place of gasoline.
•
In NC, biotechnology industry employs more
than 58,000 NC residents.
Careers in biotechnology
Scientist
Laboratory Technician
Engineers
Process Technicians
Maintenance and Instrumentation Technicians
Corporate Scientific Professionals
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For a detailed description of each click here
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LAB:
Protein Identification through Immunoassay
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1. Based on the results of your immunoassay, from what animal source
was the unknown serum?
2.
HUMAN.
Distinguish between antibodies and antigens.
ANTIBODIES ARE PROTEINS PRODUCED BY THE
IMMUNE SYSTEM. THEY ATTACH TO FOREIGN
MATERIAL, HELPING THE BODY TO NEUTRALIZE
AND REMOVE THE FOREIGN MATERIAL.
ANTIGENS ARE GENERALLY FOREIGN MATERIALS
THAT CAUSE THE BODY TO PRODUCE
ANTIBODIES. ANTIGENS USUALLY ARE
COMPOSED OF PROTEIN. OFTEN COMPLEX
ORGANIC MOLECULES SUCH AS CARBOHYDRATE,
LIPID OR NECLEIC ACID ARE ANTIGENIC.
LAB CONT.
3. Describe the principles of immunological testing.
IN IMMUNOLOGICAL TESTING, A RESEARCHER
USES AN ANTIBODY AGAINST A KNOWN
ANTIGEN TO LOOK FOR THE PRESENCE OF THE
ANTIGEN. THE ANTIBODIES ARE MIXED WITH
THE SAMPLES TO SEE WHETHER THE SAMPLE
HAS ANY OF THE ANTIGEN. IF THE ANTIGEN IS
PRESENT, IT WILL BIND TO THE ANTIBODIES.
THE BOUND ANTIGENS AND ANTIBODIES THEN
FALL OUT OF SOLUTION, FORMING A WHITE
CLUMP. (PRECIPITATE) THE WHITE CLUMP IS A
SIGN THAT THE PARTICULAR ANTIGEN IS
PRESENT.
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LAB CONT.
4. Explain how immunological tests can lead to
false positive or false negative results?
IF THE ANTIBODY BINDS TO THE WRONG
ANTIGEN, IT WILL GIVE A FALSE POSITIVE.
THIS HAPPENS IF THE WRONG MATERIAL IS
SIMILAR TO THE ANTIGEN. A FALSE
NEGATIVE OCCURS IF SOMETHING
HAPPENS TO THE ANTIBODY AND ANTIGEN
THAT PREVENTS THE TWO FROM BINDING.
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LAB CONT.
5. Describe three ways immunological testing is
used in biotechnology.
IMMUNOLOGICAL TESTING CAN BE USED IN
MEDICINE TO LOOK FOR HORMONES IN
URINE OR BLOOD, BY POLICE TO IDENTIFY
SAMPLES OF BLOOD, IN AGRICULTURAL
SITUATIONS TO DETECT TRANGENEIC
PLANTS, AND BY ENVIRONMENTAL
AGENCIES TO DETECT POLLUNTANTS IN
WATER AND SOIL.
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