Transcript We will also see

Move for becoming the frontiers
of Medical Biotechnology
in Bangladesh
Key Note Speech
Why Medical
Biotechnology
in Bangladesh
Dhaka, 17 February 2012
BT
IT
IT & BT
• Two of the most popular words
currently talked in our world
• IT → Information Technology
• BT → Biotechnology
• Development experts believe that
the power & influence of BT will
exceed that of IT by manifolds
Just in one decade or so !
Our life will be significantly
influenced by Biotechnology
The trend has been
set already
The trend…
What is Biotechnology?
What is Biotechnology?
Organ
Cell
Body
Chromosome
DNA
DNA
dictates
protein
synthesis
Protein
What is Gene?
Gene is the part
of DNA which
dictates protein
synthesis for
specific
characteristics
Biotechnology applies technique of
Genetic Engineering
Genetic engineering is a technique for genetic modification
through removal, addition or replacement of gene for
adding, altering or hiding characteristics in living things
Method of
Genetic Engineering
Simple Method
2
1
4
5
3
Interchangeable between species
The way how BT works
Production of Golden rice
By Gene Engineering
Replacement therapy
Insulin
Cloning?
Therapeutic cloning
Human Cloning
Pharmaceutical sector
Profitable Medical Biotechnology Sector
• In conventional method,
drug development requires
10-12 yrs
• Begins with animal trial
• Ends on trial on human
volunteers
• Trial is not organ or tissue
specific→more side effects
• Requires huge initial
investment
• Patent rights of bigger
companies burden smaller
industries
BT is cheaper
FDA already approved
over 1000 GM drugs
• Insulin
• Interferon
• Anti-cancer drugs
• Growth hormone
• Blood products
Future of stem
cell research
Human stem cell-based trial
made it possible to discover
• Anti-tumor drugs
• Cardiac drugs
• Artificial blood products
Source of stem cells
What we are seeing now?
•
•
•
•
Many BT drugs
BT Medical devices
BT Vaccines
BT Diagnostic reagents
Agriculture & Livestock
• BT crops, viz., soybean oil
• May be BT fish
• Designer meat
Biomass for
Biogas & Electricity
Breakthrough in
vaccine development
• It is possible to know
exact genetic nature of
antigen (microorganism
or disease agent)
• This helps in extraction
of purified specific
antigen from
bacterial/viral protein or
alternate source
• No need to use live
attenuated or killed
virus/bacteria to produce
vaccines
GM crops, viz.
banana, maize &
potato may act as
edible vaccines
In only 80 hectors of land,
hepatitis B vaccine to
immunize all the children in
the world would be possible
Elimination of:
• costly cold chain &
• hazards of vaccine-related infections
We will also see –
Every body’s gene is
different
Every body does not
respond to same drug
equally
Individualized
medicine
Benefits:
• Less mistakes in doses
• Lower drug costs
• Failed drug in one population will
work on another population
We will also see –
Growing popularity of genetic diagnosis & therapy
11 cousins removed stomach
[AP; 27 May 2006]
• Carriers of
CDH1 gene
• A rare mutation
• Carriers have
70% chance of
developing
gastric cancer
Pre- & post-implant
genetic diagnosis
We will also see –
Faster growth of
bioinformatics
We will also see –
Remarkable
growth of
nano-medicine
We will also see –
Revisit to indigenous medicine
• India developed Shanvac-B
from herbs with 4-years of
research
• Shanvac-B is a hepatitis B
vaccine
• Previous imports costs: $6 per
dose
• Now sells in India: 50 cents
• Received WHO certification
• UNICEF ordered for whole
world
Research
• Ample opportunity to conduct BT
research
• Commercially available products:
– Stem cell lines for drug development, invitro fertilization & cell culture
– Recombinant virus or bacteria for testing
drug resistance
– Plasmids for producing recombinant DNA
Bio-fuels
Do you know
why the global
food price was
high than any
time before?
Bio-energy
from
Spinach
Medico-legal fact
finding
• Determination of
heredity
• Criminal tracing
Debate about
Biotechnology
• Safety of human
health & nutrition
• Safety about
environment
• Loss of natural
environment
BT debate…
Patent
The Basmati
Patent Debate
Intellectual
property rights?
BT debate…
• Ethics
• Religion
• Personal
privacy
• Social
discrimination
Embryo cloning!
How much to allow?
Abuse?
Why country can not
ignore BT?
• BT has enough debates
• Yet almost all countries
consider it as one of
the most important
drivers for economic
growth
US$ in billion
70
60
Global BT Revenue
63
50
40
30
25
25
Bench mark
(Y2000)
Prediction
(Y2010)
20
10
0
• BT attracted substantial investment
• Mostly in MBT sector
• This dominance will continue
Achievement
(Y2005)
BT in India (Target 2010)
45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
40%
30%
20%
10%
Biopharma ($2b) Clinical service Outsourced
Agro-industry
($1b)
research ($1.5b)
($0.5b)
Target for employment generation: 1 million
BT in India (current)
Industrial
Bioproducts informatics
Bio-services
6%
2%
8%
Bio-agri
8%
Bio-pharma
76%
BT in India…
•
•
•
•
Investment for BT since 1985: .......... US$ 1b
Active BT companies: ....................... ~800
Industries on advanced BT: .............. 50%
BT Industries devoted to:
– Human health applications: ..................... 60%
– Agriculture: ................................................ 10%
– Industrial, bioinformatics, genomics: ..... 30%
Why MBT goes on
top of BT?
• People better accept bio-pharmaceuticals than
BT crops, fisheries or livestock
• It may have following reasons:
– Doctors prescribe medicines
– In illness, the side effects become secondary
– Belief about rigorous regulatory conditions
for drug approval
– People can choose from alternate food
Migration of
opportunities of BT
New reality in industrialized countries
Migration of
opportunities of BT...
Brain-drain vs. export of human resources
• Country should build good environment
• If not, there will be brain drain
• Expansion of quality BT education,
research & students’ intake is need of time
• The benefit will be:
– Enough skilled manpower to work in home
– Earning of remittances by skilled manpower
export
Our Bio-Safety Concerns
Concerns
Biotech foods, drugs &
other products
1. Import
2. Production
3. Export
•
Consumption
•
Wide-scale
HandlingChronic
exposure
•
Environmental
pollution through
natural exposure &
unsafe disposal
The To-Dos
1. Examine Health &
Nutritional safety
2. Examine Environmental
safety
3. Create public
awareness
4. Build & Enforce
Surveillance &
Regulatory measures
5. Explore opportunity of
application of
biotechnology
Component of
Regulatory System
• Permission for BT research
• License for import of BT drug or
diagnostic reagent
• License for Biotech food
• License for Biotech lab
• BT related Disease surveillance
• Certificate for MBT degree or diploma
Expectations from you
•
•
•
•
Understand & feel
Speak & write
Influence policy
Participate
– Production of diagnostic & research kits,
vaccines
– Research
– Genetic diagnosis & therapy
• Study further
• Think to take as career
Thank you