Transcript Biology_Ch._11

Biology
Ch. 11 Review
Gregor Mendel used pea plants to study
1. flowering.
2. gamete
formation.
3. the inheritance
of traits.
4. crosspollination.
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Offspring that result from crosses
between parents with different traits
1. are true-breeding.
2. make up the F2
generation.
3. make up the
parental
generation.
4. are called hybrids.
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Gregor Mendel removed the male
parts from the flowers of some plants
in order to
1. prevent hybrids from
forming.
2. prevent cross-pollination.
3. stimulate self-pollination.
4. make controlled crosses
between plants.
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The chemical factors that
determine traits are called
1. alleles.
2. traits.
3. genes.
4. characters.
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Gregor Mendel concluded that traits are
1. not inherited by offspring.
2. inherited through the
passing of factors from
parents to offspring.
3. determined by dominant
factors only.
4. determined by recessive
factors only.
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When Gregor Mendel crossed a tall plant with a
short plant, the F1 plants inherited
1. an allele for tallness from each
parent.
2. an allele for tallness from the
tall parent and an allele for
shortness from the short
parent.
3. an allele for shortness from
each parent.
4. an allele from only the tall
parent.
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The principle of dominance states that
1. all alleles are dominant.
2. all alleles are recessive.
3. some alleles are
dominant and others are
recessive.
4. alleles are neither
dominant nor recessive.
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When Gregor Mendel crossed true-breeding tall
plants with true-breeding short plants, all the
offspring were tall because
1. the allele for tall plants is recessive.
2. the allele for short plants is
dominant.
3. the allele for tall plants is
dominant.
4. they were true-breeding like their
parents.
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If a pea plant has a recessive allele for green peas, it will
produce
1. green peas if it also has a
dominant allele for yellow peas.
2. both green peas and yellow peas if
it also has a dominant allele for
yellow peas.
3. green peas if it does not also have
a dominant allele for yellow peas.
4. yellow peas if it does not also have
a dominant allele for green peas.
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A tall plant is crossed with a short plant. If
the tall F1 pea plants are allowed to selfpollinate,
1. the offspring will be of medium
height.
2. all of the offspring will be tall.
3. all of the offspring will be
short.
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4. some of the offspring will be
tall, and some will be short.
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In the P generation, a tall plant was crossed with a short
plant. Short plants reappeared in the F2 generation
because
1. some of the F2 plants produced
gametes that carried the allele for
shortness.
2. the allele for shortness is dominant.
3. the allele for shortness and the allele for
tallness segregated when the F1 plants
produced gametes.
4. they inherited an allele for shortness
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from one parent and an allele for
tallness from the other parent.
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In the P generation, a tall plant was crossed
with a short plant. If alleles did not segregate
during gamete formation,
1. all of the F1 plants would be
short.
2. some of the F1 plants would
be tall and some would be
short.
3. all of the F2 would be short.
4. all of the F2 plants would be 0% 0% 0% 0%
tall.
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When you flip a coin, what is the
probability that it will come up
tails?
1. 1/2
2. 1/4
3. 1/8
4. 1
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The principles of probability can be
used to
1. predict the traits of the
offspring produced by genetic
crosses.
2. determine the actual
outcomes of genetic crosses.
3. predict the traits of the
parents used in genetic
crosses.
4. decide which organisms are
best to use in genetic crosses.
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In the P generation, a tall plant is
crossed with a short plant. The
probability that an F2 plant will
be tall is
1.
2.
3.
4.
25%.
50%.
75%
100%.
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Organisms that have two
identical alleles for a particular
trait are said to be
1.
2.
3.
4.
hybrid.
homozygous.
heterozygous.
dominant.
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In the Punnett square, which of the following
is true about the offspring resulting from the
cross?
Tt
T
t
T
TT
Tt
T
TT
Tt
TT
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About half are expected to be short.
All are expected to be short.
About half are expected to be tall.
All are expected to be tall.
A Punnett square shows all of the
following EXCEPT
1. all possible results of a
genetic cross.
2. the genotypes of the
offspring.
3. the alleles in the gametes of
each parent.
4. the actual results of a
genetic cross.
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If you made a Punnett square showing Gregor
Mendel’s cross between true-breeding tall plants
and true-breeding short plants, the square would
show that the offspring had
1. the genotype of one of the parents.
2. a phenotype that was different
from that of both parents.
3. a genotype that was different from
that of both parents.
4. the genotype of both parents.
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What principle states that during gamete
formation genes for different traits separate
without influencing each other’s inheritance?
1. principle of dominance
2. principle of independent
assortment
3. principle of probabilities
4. principle of segregation
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How many different allele
combinations would be found in the
gametes produced by a pea plant
whose genotype was RrYY?
1.
2.
3.
4.
2
4
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16
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If a pea plant that is heterozygous for round,
yellow peas (RrYy) is crossed with a pea plant
that is homozygous for round peas but
heterozygous for yellow peas (RRYy), how
many different phenotypes are their offspring
expected to show?
1.
2.
3.
4.
2
4
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Situations in which one allele for a gene
is not completely dominant over another
allele for that gene are called
1. multiple alleles.
2. incomplete
dominance.
3. polygenic
inheritance.
4. multiple genes.
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A cross of a black chicken (BB) with a white
chicken (WW) produces all speckled offspring
(BBWW). This type of inheritance is known
as
1. incomplete
dominance.
2. polygenic inheritance.
3. codominance.
4. multiple alleles.
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Variation in human skin color
is an example of
1. incomplete
dominance.
2. codominance.
3. polygenic traits.
4. multiple alleles.
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Gregor Mendel’s principles of
genetics apply to
1.
2.
3.
4.
plants only.
animals only.
pea plants only.
all organisms.
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Why did Thomas Hunt Morgan use fruit flies
in his studies?
1. Fruit flies produce a large
number of offspring.
2. Fruit flies take a long time
to produce offspring.
3. Fruit flies share certain
characteristics with pea
plants.
4. Fruit flies have a long
lifespan.
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A male and female bison that are both
heterozygous for normal skin pigmentation
(Aa) produce an albino offspring (aa). Which
of Mendel’s principles explain(s) why the
offspring is albino?
1. dominance only
2. independent assortment
only
3. dominance and segregation
4. segregation only
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The number of chromosomes in
a gamete is represented by the
symbol
1.
2.
3.
4.
Z.
X.
N.
Y.
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If an organism’s diploid
number is 12, its haploid
number is
1. 12.
2. 6.
3. 24.
4. 3.
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Gametes have
1. homologous
chromosomes.
2. twice the number of
chromosomes found in
body cells.
3. two sets of chromosomes.
4. one allele for each gene.
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Gametes are produced by the
process of
1. mitosis.
2. meiosis.
3. crossingover.
4. replication.
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What is shown in the figure?
1.
2.
3.
4.
independent assortment
anaphase I of meiosis
crossing-over
replication
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Chromosomes form tetrads during
1. prophase I of
meiosis.
2. metaphase I of
meiosis.
3. interphase.
4. anaphase II of
meiosis.
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What happens between meiosis I and meiosis
II that reduces the number of chromosomes?
1. Crossing-over
occurs.
2. Metaphase
occurs.
3. Replication
occurs twice.
4. Replication does
not occur.
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Unlike mitosis, meiosis results
in the formation of
1. diploid cells.
2. haploid cells.
3. 2N daughter
cells.
4. body cells.
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Unlike mitosis, meiosis results in the
formation of
1. two genetically identical
cells.
2. four genetically
different cells.
3. four genetically
identical cells.
4. two genetically different
cells.
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Crossing-over rarely occurs in mitosis, unlike
meiosis. Which of the following is the likely reason?
1. Chromatids are not involved in
mitosis.
2. Tetrads rarely form during
mitosis.
3. A cell undergoing mitosis does
not have homologous
chromosomes.
4. There is no prophase during
mitosis.
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Which of the following assort
independently?
1. chromosomes
2. genes on the same
chromosome
3. multiple alleles
4. codominant alleles
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Linked genes
1. are never separated.
2. assort independently.
3. are on the same
chromosome.
4. are always recessive.
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If the gene for seed color and the gene for seed
shape in pea plants were linked,
1. all of Mendel’s F1 plants would
have produced wrinkled, green
peas.
2. Mendel’s F2 plants would have
exhibited a different phenotype
ratio for seed color and seed shape.
3. Mendel’s F1 plants would have
exhibited a different phenotype
ratio for seed color and seed shape.
4. all of Mendel’s P plants would have
produced wrinkled, green peas.
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Gene maps are based on
1. the frequencies of
crossing-over between
genes.
2. independent
assortment.
3. genetic diversity.
4. the number of genes in
a cell.
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If two genes are on the same chromosome
and rarely assort independently,
1. crossing-over never occurs
between the genes.
2. crossing-over always occurs
between the genes.
3. the genes are probably
located far apart from each
other.
4. the genes are probably
located close to each other.
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The farther apart two genes are
located on a chromosome, the
1. less likely they are to be
inherited together.
2. more likely they are to be linked.
3. less likely they are to assort
independently.
4. less likely they are to be
separated by a crossover during
meiosis.
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A trait is a specific
characteristic that varies from
one individual to another.
1. True
2. False
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Gregor Mendel concluded that
the tall plants in the P
generation passed the factor for
tallness to the F1 generation.
1. True
2. False
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An organism with a dominant
allele for a particular form of a
trait will sometimes exhibit that
trait.
1. True
2. False
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True-breeding plants that produced
axial flowers were crossed with truebreeding plants that produced terminal
flowers. The resulting offspring
produced terminal flowers because the
allele for terminal flowers is recessive.
1. True
2. False
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When alleles segregate from
each other, they join.
1. True
2. False
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If the alleles for a trait did not
segregate during gamete formation,
offspring would always show the trait
of at least one of the parents.
1. True
2. False
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The principles of probability
can explain the numerical
results of Mendel’s
experiments.
1. True
2. False
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The probability that a gamete
produced by a pea plant
heterozygous for stem height (Tt)
will contain the recessive allele is
100%.
1. True
2. False
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If two speckled chickens are mated,
according to the principle of
codominance, 25% of the offspring
are expected to be speckled.
1. True
2. False
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Coat color in rabbits is
determined by a single gene
that has multiple alleles.
1. True
2. False
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If an organism has 16
chromosomes in each of its egg
cells, the organism’s diploid
number is 32.
1. True
2. False
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If an organism is heterozygous for a
particular gene, the two different
alleles will be separated during
anaphase II of meiosis, assuming that
no crossing-over has occurred.
1. True
2. False
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Mitosis results in two cells,
whereas meiosis results in one
cell.
1. True
2. False
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If an organism has four linkage
groups, it has eight
chromosomes.
1. True
2. False
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Genes in the same linkage
group are usually inherited
separately.
1. True
2. False
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