Transcript Genetics/Zoology Semester Exam Review

Genetics/Zoology Semester
Exam Review
Scientific Inquiry, Chemistry of Life, The Cell, Cell Cycle and Mitosis,
Mendel and Meiosis
Investigate and understand, explain events in
nature, derived explanations to make useful
predictions
• What are the goals of science?
Hypothesis
• You state that the presence of water could accelerate bread mold
growth. This is a(n
Educated guess
• Define hypothesis
• Define controlled variables.
Single variable
• A controlled experiment allows the scientist to isolate and test
Work can be repeated, experimental procedures
can be reviewed, others can try to reproduce the
results
• Scientist publish the details of important experiments so that
Theory
When enough experimental data supports a hypothesis, becomes a(n)
The living world
• Biology is the study of
Pages 16 & 17
List the characteristics of living things.
Ecosystem
• List the levels of organization includes all of the other levels?
meter
• In the metric system, the basic unit of length is the
240,000
• How many centimeters are there in 2.4 km?
100
• On the Celsius temperature scale, how many degrees are between
the freezing and boiling points of water?
Always follow directions
• What safety is the number one safety rule we discussed in class?
Protons, neutrons, electrons
• The three particles that make up an atom are
11
•
If an atom contains 11 protons and 12 neutrons, its atomic
number is
Positive
• What type of ion forms when an atom loses an electron?
Of water and dissolved particles
• Suspensions are mixtures
0-14, <7, >7,
• What is the pH range and define acid, base and buffer?
A substance with a pH of 6 is called
• Solutions that contain concentrations of H⁺ ions lower than pure
water are
Carbohydrate
• A monosaccharide is a
Carbohydrates
• Which of the following organic compounds is the main source of
energy for living things?
Help fight disease, control the rate of the
reaction, build muscles and tissues
• What are the functions of proteins?
Activation energy
• What is the term used to describe the energy needed to get a
reaction started?
Lower the activation energy of chemical
reactions
• List the characteristics of catalyst.
Speed of the reaction
• Enzymes affect the reactions in living cells by changing the
Robert Hooke
• Who was the first person to identify and see cells?
Cells are the basic unit of life, all living things are
made of cells, all cells are produced from other
cells
Define and list principles of cell theory.
Cell membrane
• The thin flexible barrier around the cell is called the
Nucleus
• Cell structure that contains the cell’s genetic material and controls the
cell’s activities is
Nuclei
• Prokaryotes lack
A nucleus, cell organelles, genetic material
• Eukaryotes usually contain
Bacteria, Plant or Animal cell
• List an example of a prokaryote. Eukaryote.
Microtubules and microfilaments
• Which structures carry out movement?
Helps cell maintain shape, move, organelles
within the cell move
• What are the functions of the cytoskeleton?
Mitochondria and chloroplast
• Which organelle help provide the cell with energy?
Groups of tissues that perform a specific
funciton
• Organs are
Tissue
• A group of cells that perform similar functions is called a(n)
Stomach, Esophagus, Small intestine, Large
intestine
• Give an example of a digestive system organ.
Provides daughter cells with its own copy of
DNA, increases surface area of the original
cell, reduces the original cell’s volume
• How does cell division solve problems with cell growth?
It has grown to full size
• If a normal cell divides, you can assume that
Each daughter cell receives a copy of the
parent’s DNA
• What happens when a cell divides?
Interphase, Mitosis, Cytokinesis
• What events occur during the cell cycle?
G1, S, G2
• What occurs during interphase?
Cell plate
• One difference between cell division in plants and animal cells is that
plant cells have
Four chromosomes
• During normal mitotic cell division, a parent cell having four
chromosomes will produce two daughter cells, each containing
Growth factors, cyclins, p53
• What regulates the cell cycle?
Growth rate
• Cancer is a disorder in which some cells have lost the ability to control
their
Heredity (inheritances of traits)
• Gregor Mendel used pea plants to study
Genes
• What are Mendel’s factors called today?
The allele for tall plants is dominant
• When Mendel crossed true-breeding tall plants with true-breeding
short plants, all the offspring were tall because
Homozygous
• Organisms with two identical alleles for a particular trait are said to
be
Principle of independent assortment
• What principle states that during gamete formation genes for
different traits separate without influencing each other’s inheritance?
All organisms
• Mendel’s principles of genetics apply to
N
• The number of chromosomes in a gamete is represented by the
symbol
Meiosis
• Gametes are produced by the process of
• Define crossing over.
Four genetically different cells
• Unlike mitosis, meiosis results in the formation of
Tetrads rarely form during mitosis.
• Crossing-over rarely occurs in mitosis, unlike meiosis. Why?