Transcript General protein images

GENERAL PROTEIN IMAGES
The nuclear pore
This computer graphic shows a nuclear pore in a eukaryotic cell. Nuclear pores are large protein complexes that span the nuclear membrane. They allow molecules – including proteins, lipids and other molecules such as mRNA –
to move between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.
Credit: Dr M Towler and J Aitken, University of Dundee, Wellcome Images
Molecular model of a ribosome
A model of a bacterial ribosome showing the RNA and protein components in the form of ribbon models. In the large (50S) subunit, the 23S RNA is shown in cyan, the 5S RNA in green and the associated proteins in purple. In
the small (30S) subunit, the 16S RNA is shown in yellow and the proteins in orange. The three solid elements in the centre of the ribosome, coloured green, red and reddish brown, are the tRNAs in the A, P and E sites
respectively. The anticodon loops of the tRNAs are buried in a cleft in the small subunit where they interact with mRNA. The other ends of the tRNAs, which carry the peptide and amino acid, are buried in the peptidyl
transferase centre of the large subunit, where peptide bond formation occurs.
Credit: MRC Lab of Molecular Biology, Wellcome Images
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Translation
A movie showing the process of translation. It highlights the 30S and 50S bacterial ribosomal subunits, the mRNA, tRNAs, initiation and elongation factors, and the
emerging polypeptide chain. During this process, the genetic code is read from the mRNA and transferred via the tRNAs into the correct sequence of amino acids in
the encoded polypeptide.
Credit: MRC Lab of Molecular Biology, Wellcome Images
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Rough endoplasmic reticulum in the retina of a fruit fly
This colour-enhanced image of part of a kidney cell shows many mitochondria in red, a portion of the nucleus in blue and the cytoplasm in green. The
cytoplasm is densely packed with the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum.
Credit: Dr David Furness, Wellcome Images
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Organelles in a pancreas cell
A colour-enhanced electron micrograph of part of a pancreas cell showing the nucleus in blue, mitochondria in orange, a lysosome in red and rough endoplasmic reticulum in
green. A nuclear pore is also visible in the nuclear membrane towards the bottom right. The horizontal field width of the sample is 2.9 micrometres.
Credit: University of Edinburgh, Wellcome Images
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Organelles within a liver cell
A colour-enhanced image of mitochondria (shown in red), rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Mitochondria are the energy factories within the cell. Rough
endoplasmic reticulum is called this because it has ribosomes (dark blue) attached to its outer surface. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum has no ribosomes attached and is seen towards the
bottom of the image. The horizontal field width of the sample is 2.9 micrometres.
Credit: University of Edinburgh, Wellcome Images
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Golgi complex
A colour-enhanced image showing the stacked membrane discs of the Golgi complex. The Golgi is the area within a cell where many carbohydrates are synthesised, which can then be
used to modify proteins that pass through the Golgi on the way to other parts of the cell.
Credit: Dr David Furness, Wellcome Images
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Model of the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane
A model of a section of the lipid bilayer that makes up the cell membrane. Several different types of protein are embedded into the bilayer; some span the bilayer, whereas
others are only exposed to one side of the membrane. Some proteins carry carbohydrate side chains that are needed for them to function properly. These side chains are added
after the protein is produced.
Credit: John Wildgoose, Wellcome Images
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Ion channels
This illustration shows the pore-forming proteins that exist in the cell membrane. These integral membrane proteins (usually comprising multiple proteins that form a subunit) pass
through the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane and allow ions to travel in and out of cells, usually via an electrochemical gradient.
Credit: Maurizio De Angelis, Wellcome Images
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Scanning probe image of beta-pleated sheet
A scanning probe image, which shows part of the outer protein coat of the gas vesicle of the alga Anabaena flos-aquae. The cylindrical structure is composed of hoops (ribs) joined side by
side. These are the near-vertical bands in the image spaced by 4.57 nm. Within the ribs, a repetitive U-shaped fine structure is visible. This is the beta-sheet motif with an inter-chain
repeat distance of 1.12 nm along the rib, and an intra-chain spacing of 0.45 nm.
Credit: T J McMaster, Wellcome Images
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A hierarchical organisation of a protein structure
This diagram shows the hierarchy of a protein structure. It shows the secondary structure, super-secondary structure, motif, alpha-helix, beta-strand, alpha-hairpin, beta-hairpin and fourhelical bundle against a white background.
Credit: T Blundell and N Campillo, Wellcome Images
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Prion particles
A colour-enhanced image of prion proteins from an animal infected with scrapie, a fatal degenerative disease that affects the nervous systems of sheep
and goats. The orange prion protein particles are associated with lipoprotein ‘rafts’ (red) through glycosylphosphatidylinositol linkages. The rafts are
specialised microdomains of the membrane rich in cholesterol and sphingolipids.
Credit: R Dourmashkin, Wellcome Images
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X-ray diffraction pattern
An X-ray diffraction pattern of the enzyme glutamate dehydrogenase.
Credit: Patrick Baker, Wellcome Images
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