Transcript File

“The Last Judgment” before the
Renaissance…
The Last Judgment, Pietro Cavallini, 1293
… “The Last Judgment”…Renaissance
Michelangelo The Last Judgment
Developments in the Visual Arts
• Greater realism and naturalism
– Especially in the depiction of the human body
and human emotions
– Also shown in religious paintings
• Introduction of secular themes and
classical myths
Developments in the Visual Arts
• Perspective: creates the appearance of
three dimesions on a flat surface
Giotto di Bondone
•Early pioneer of perspective, symmetry and proportion
•Considered by some to be the father of Renaissance
painting
Life of Saint Francis of Assisi, 1296
Giotto di Bondone
The Mourning of Christ, 1305
Fra Angelico, Annunciation, 1425
Advances in realism, naturalism and perspective from Early
to High Renaissance
Fra Angelico,
Annunciation
c. 1425
Leonardo,
Annunciation
c. 1472-75
The Masters of the
Renaissance
Not Just Ninja Turtles
Leonardo da Vinci
• Born in Vinci
• Became a painters
apprentice in
Florence
• A true, “Renaissance
Man”
Leonardo the Scientist
• Studied anatomy
• Dissected animals
and humans to learn
how bodies move
• Perfected proportion
Leonardo the Inventor
• Preoccupied with
human flight
– studied the wings
of birds and bats
– Designed many
‘flying machines’
including gliders,
parachutes,
helicopters, and
wings
– none were
successfully built in
his lifetime
Leonardo the Artist
Detail;
Leda
and
the
Swan
• Wanted to
capture the
reality of people
and their
emotions
• Made many
sketches before
beginning a
painting
Leonardo da Vinci, untitled sketch
What is Leonardo da
Vinci’s most famous
painting?
Mona
Lisa
Mona Lisa by Leonardo da Vinci
• Possibly the most
famous work of art ever
produced
• Is currently owned by
the French government
and hangs in the Louvre
in Paris
• There has been much
speculation about the
identity of the model,
but it is most likely, Lisa
Gherardini, the wife of a
wealthy silk merchant in
Florence
Why does she look so mysterious?
• The horizon line in the
back ground is
uneven which makes
our eyes always
come back to focus
on her eyes
Why does she look so mysterious?
• Leonardo used a
technique called
sfumato; he
blended the lines
around her eyes
and mouth giving
them a sense of
vague movement
or unclear
emotion
More of Mona Lisa’s mystery…
• She has been stolen three times
• In 1956 acid was thrown on it, damaging
the lower portion. It is now in a bullet proof
glass case
• X-rays have shown there are three
different versions of the Mona Lisa hidden
under the present one.
Mona Lisa at the Louvre
Paris, France
My adventure of seeing the
Mona Lisa
Mrs. Dwyer is NOT happy
What about the other art in the room?
Da Vinci
• The Last Supper 1495-1498
Michelangelo Bounarroti
• born on March 6,
1475, at Caprese, in
Tuscany
• Like Leonardo, he
was an architect,
painter, sculptor, and
writer.
• Did not like Leonardo
Michelangelo’s Greatest Works
• The Pieta was
his first large
commissioned
work
• marble
Michelangelo’s Greatest Works
• David
• commissioned in
1501
• 14ft tall, single piece
of marble
• Classical-Hellenistic
features
Michelangelo’s Greatest Works
• This shows David
before he killed
Goliath (many
previous sculptures
of David, depict a
very relaxed David
with his foot on the
dead Goliaths
head).
Michelangelo’s
David looks worried
Michelangelo’s Greatest Works
The Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel
• Fresco; painting on wet plaster
• Was asked to paint the 12 apostles and a
few decorations on the ceiling of the
Sistine chapel
• After over one year of painting he revealed
a colossal fresco with over 300 figures
Michelangelo, Sistine Chapel Ceiling
Sistine Chapel (Details)
Head of God, detail from
the Creation of Adam
Creation of Adam
Sistine Chapel (Details)
Separation of the Earth
from the Waters
Creation of the Sun,
Moon, and Planets
Sistine Chapel (Details)
Ignudo
Michelangelo’s Greatest Works
The Last Judgment
Michelangelo’s Greatest Works
• The Last
Judgment
• Also in the Sistine
Chapel, but
painted several
years after the
ceiling
• Depicts Christ, as
the central figure,
judging those who
will go to heaven
or hell
•
The Last Judgment (detail)
Christ as Judge
Saint Bartholomew
with a flayed skin
The “fig leaf controversy” and The
Last Judgment
• Though the painting was
commissioned by Pope Paul
III, the cardinals Carafa and
Sarnini objected to the nudity
in the painting and ordered it
destroyed
• The pope refused, but after
the death of the pope and
Michelangelo, the genitals
were painted over
• Yet before finishing the
painting Michelangelo
painted the portraits of both
of the cardinals being
condemned to hell
Raffaello Sanzio (Raphael)
• Italian, born around
the same time as
Michelangelo
• Primarily a painter
• Some architecture
Raphael’s Greatest Works
• Used balanced
pyramidal
arrangement, like
Leonardo
• Very peaceful bright
landscaped
backgrounds
Raphael Madonna of
the Meadow
Raphael’s Greatest Works
Raphael The School of Athens
Raphael’s Greatest Works
Raphael The School of
Athens
• Shows mastery
of perspective
• Depicts the
famous
mathematicians,
philosophers,
writers, and
artists of ancient
Greece in a
Renaissance
setting
Donatello
• Born in Florence
• Influenced the early
stages of the
Renaissance
• Primarily a sculptor
Donatello’s Greatest Works
• At the time of its
creation, it was the
first free-standing
nude statue since
ancient times
• Depicts a confident
David stepping on the
head to the slain
Goliath
• Bronze
Donatello David
Donatello’s Greatest Works
• Bronze
• Proportion distorted to
show power from
below
• Portrait of a famous
Italian mercenary
• Commissioned by
Cosimo Medici
Donatello Equestrian Monument to Gattamelato
Botticelli
• Painted secular and mythological scenes in
very large scale paintings
• Previously only religious paintings were
large
La Primavera, 1482
Botticelli
Venus and Mars, 1485
Sofonisba Anguissola
• First woman artist to gain international reputation
• Known for portraits
Self Portrait, 1556
Portrait of Philip II, 1573
Artemisia Gentileschi
Daughter of Roman
artist
Painted historical and
religious scenes
 Most women painted
only portraits
Judith slaying Holofernes, 1620
Andrea Magtegna, Dead Christ, 1490
The Northern Renaissance
Art and Artists
Albrecht Durer
• German
• One of the founders
of the northern
Renaissance
• Most well known for
his wood cuts and
self-portraits
Durer The Four
Horsemen of the
Apocalypse, 1498
Dürer,
SelfPortrait
at 28,
1500
Jan van Eyck
• Flemish (Belgium)
• Used oil-based paints
• Used layering
technique
• Showed detailed
personalities
• Extremely realistic
details
The Virgin of the Chancellor Rodin, 1435
Jan van Eyck
Wedding Portrait,
1434
Jan van Eyck
Wedding Portrait,
1434
Detail from back wall
or painting
Pieter Bruegel
• Painted common life
• From the Netherlands
Children’s Games, 1560
Pieter Bruegel
Peasant Wedding, 1568
Pieter Bruegel
Netherlandish Proverbs, 1559
Peter Bruegel & William Carlos
Williams
Hieronymus Bosch
• Counter part of Leonardo da Vinci (lived in
worked during the same time)
• Stressed frailty and wickedness not beauty
and nobility of humanity, like Leonardo
• Often depicts disturbing images
Hieronymus Bosch’s Great Works
• Third Day of
Creation
• Shows the world
under water,
refers to the
biblical flood
• The two panels
are the outside
doors of a case
Hieronymus Bosch’s Great Works
Garden of Earthly Delights (triptych)
Bosch
• Garden of Earthly
Delights—The Earthly
Paradise (Garden of
Eden)
• Left Panel of the
triptych
• Depicts the story of
the creation
• The Garden of
Earthly Delights Garden of Earthly
Delights
• Center panel
• Depicts human
evils before the
flood
• The Garden of Earthly
Delights—Hell
• Right panel of triptych
• Depicts the
punishments of hell