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Magnesium
C+ Health Information
mitochondria
•
Magnesium Protects the
Mitochondria. Magnesium and
bicarbonate given together work to
combat the drop in energy within the
mitochondria during constant
bombardment from toxins. First,
magnesium bicarbonate protects the
natural organic and inorganic
phosphate buffers in the cytoplasm
of cells. Second, magnesium
bicarbonate neutralizes the acid
produced as a result of metabolic
processes and ATP hydrolysis. This
allows more ATP to be hydrolyzed, or
more energy to be made. Magnesium
bicarbonate buffers the mitochondria
in body cells from excess acid
concentrations, which improves
mitochondrial function and increases
ATP.
Integrity of Mitochondrial Membrane
and Capacity of Respiratory Chain
• Magnesium plays an important role in the integrity of the mitochondrial
membrane. Magnesium deficiency is associated with swelling of the
mitochondria; increased permeability and decreased selectivity of
mitochondrial inner membrane and uncoupling of oxidative
phosphorylation .
• As previously discussed, the respiratory chain responsible for oxidative
phosphorylation and ATP synthesis requires NAD and FAD which derive
from the vitamins thiamine and riboflavin respectively. These B vitamins
become biologically active after a magnesium-dependent phosphate
transfer reaction.
• Abnormalities of mitochondrial membranes have been reported in FM
patients . Adequacy of the respiratory chain, including assessment of
nutritional status with regard to the vitamins thiamine, riboflavin and
pyridoxine, have not been reported in FM patients.
ATP
• Owing to the magnesium
ATP complex, magnesium
acquires a decisive
influence over metabolic
reactions which use and
supply energy. What is
more, since the
membrane-bound
sodium-potassium pump
is ATP-controlled, the
electrolyte balance of all
cells is dependent on
magnesium.
Myosin
•
The structure below shows myosin
complexed with ATP and magnesium.
(PDB code 1MMG) On closer inspection
the environment of the magnesium ion
can be examined in detail. This shows us
that the magnesium is bound to the two
terminal phosphates of the ATP but also to
two amino acids in the myosin. The amino
acids are serine and threonine which both
supply oxygen as the ligand. This pairs like
with like i.e. hard ligand with hard metal.
The magnesium ion is in an octahedral
geometry though due to two water
molecules in the axial positions. Thus the
magnesium ion appears to play a role in
the binding of the ATP with the myosin as
well as facilitating hydrolysis by lose of
phosphate.
c- AMP
Delbet 1915 !
• "These experiments prove that a solution of
desiccated chloride of magnesium at 12.1 parts per
1,000 has a special effect on the white corpuscles,
which is not the case with either physiological serum [a
solution of chloride of sodium at seven parts per 1,000]
or seawater, or the solution of Locke-Ringer which was
considered best for maintaining the activity of cells.
• "Consequently, a solution of chloride of magnesium
was better than all the solutions previously used in the
washing and dressing of wounds."