Transcript Element Summary - Wayzata Public Schools

Element Summary Slides
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text book –Chemistry – Matter and Change by
Glencoe/McGraw Hill
Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School
Element Summary
• most abundant metal
• third most abundant element
in earth’s crust
• usually found in nature
combined with oxygen or
silicon
• bauxite is the name of its ore
• this element’s sulfate “alum”
used in antiperspirants and
remove suspended particles
during water purification
ANSWER = Aluminum
Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School
Element Summary
• A reddish-brown liquid
• Highly reactive
ANSWER = bromine
Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School
Element Summary
• This element has 3 main
allotropes – diamond,
graphite, and charcoal
• The study of this element
is given its own branch
of chemistry called
“Organic Chemistry”
ANSWER = carbon
Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School
Element Summary
• three solid allotropes = white (bursts
into flames in air thus stored in water),
red (used on striking surface for match
boxes); black (formed when other
under high pressure)
• compounds used in fertilizers;
ANSWER = phosphorus
Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School
Element Summary
• Colorless diatomic gas
• Element with the highest
electronegativity
• most reactive nonmetal
• Latin “fluere” “to flow”
• the element’s compounds
are added to toothpaste and
drinking water, also in nonstick surfaces;
ANSWER = fluorine
Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School
Element Summary
Borosilicate glass
• metalloid
• Used in computer chips
and solar cells
• second most abundant
element in Earth’s crust
after oxygen
• Usually exists as “silica”.
• Silica found in quartz
crystals, sand, and glass
• ANSWER = silicon
Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School
Element Summary
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Soft, highly reactive metal
Most abundant metal in its group
Present in vapor lamps
heat exchanger in nuclear
reactors
• most common positive ion in
fluid outside cells (flow into cells
when nerve cell is stimulated);
• in table salt
• ANSWER = sodium
Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School
Element Summary
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reacts with most elements
deadly yellowish green gas
Its compounds disinfect sewage
Its compounds are used as
bleaching agents and to remove
stains
• dentist use compounds to block
pain
• an element in the acid found in
your stomach, part of PVC pipes
•
ANSWER
=
chlorine
Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School
Element Summary
• its chloride can be used as a
salt substitute
• found in compounds used in
fertilizers
• its nitrate used as explosive
and for fireworks
• most common positive ion
inside the cell in table salt
• Reacts vigorously w/water
• ANSWER = potassium
Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School
Element Summary
• radioactive element found in
smoke detectors
• ANSWER = americium
Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School
Element Summary
Liquid nitrogen
• forms explosives
• gains 3 electrons to form -3 ion
• colorless, odorless; relatively
unreactive
• 78% earth’s atmosphere
• contained in protein; bacteria in
soil “fix” this element into
compounds which contain this
element
• used in making ammonia
(cleaning product); explosives
(TNT and nitroglycerine), dyes,
and fertilizers;
• ANSWER = nitrogen
Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School
Element Summary
• ten allotropes
• its oxide is found in acid
rain
• Present in the compound
that has a rotten egg smell
• released through ocean
vents
• ANSWER = sulfur
Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School
Element Summary
• Unreactive gas
• Light displays named after
this element which gives off
orange light
• ANSWER = neon
Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School
Element Summary
• Flammable, colorless,
diatomic gas
• has 3 isotopes
(protium, deuterium,
and tritium)
• The gas that caused the
Hindenberg to explode.
• ANSWER = hydrogen
Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School
Element Summary
• best conductor
• transition metal
• precious metal
• ANSWER = silver
Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School
Element Summary
• contained in peptobismal
• “Wood’s metal” alloy
• ANSWER = bismuth
Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School
Element Summary
limestone
• found widely in nature
especially as a metal
carbonate
• Its carbonate compound is
the main ingredient in
limestone, chalk, and
marble; coral reefs
exoskeletons; antacid
tablets; abrasive in
toothpaste
•
Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School
• ANSWER = calcium
Element
Summary
• unreactive gas
• most abundant member of
its family (1% atmosphere)
• Used in high temperature
welding for an inert
environment
• used in filament of
incandescent light bulbs and
as layer of insulation
between panes of glass
•
• ANSWER = argon
Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School
Element Summary
Magnesium Ribbon
“mag”
wheel
• Abundant
• can be formed into almost any shape
• lighter alloy than steel (bicycles,
backpack frames, “mag” wheels)
• needed in plants (in chlorophyll)
• its ion is important in muscle
function and metabolism
• part of “hard” water (with Ca2+) –
ions interfere with action of soaps
and detergents; can form “scum”
(deposits) that clog pipes, water
heaters, and steam irons
• Burns in CO2
• ANSWER = magnesium
Burning magnesium ribbon
Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School
Element Summary
• FYI – Magnesium can burn in
carbon dioxide, like many
things can burn in oxygen, thus
CO2 fire extinguishers do not
work to put out Magnesium
fires.
CLEVELAND, OH - 30 Dec 2003
Firefighters Let Magnesium Fire
Burn Itself Out In Cleveland
(Photo by John Bashian/Getty
Images)
www.viewimages.com
• ANSWER = magnesium
Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School
Tin
shot
Element Summary
• softer than most metals
• found in bronze and
pewter
pewter
Tin &
lead
• ANSWER = tin
Bronze - tin & copper
Tin
foil
Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School
Element Summary
• least reactive alkali
• in long-lasting batteries
• used in de-humidifiers to
absorb water
• its carbonate is used to
strengthen glass and as a
drug for bipolar disorder
• In alloys in airplanes
(strong & lightweight).
• ANSWER = lithium
Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School
Element Summary
“beryl”
• found combined with Al,
Si, O in “beryl”
• used in alloys where
sparks bad
• only metal in its group
that doesn’t form an
alkaline solution when it
reacts with water.
• ANSWER = beryllium
Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School
Element Summary
• discovered in emission
spectrum of sun
• found in earth natural gas
wells (light enough to escape
gravity)
• used in blimps air ships and
balloons
• mixed with O2 for divers to
prevent “bends”
• coolant for supercooling
magnets
• ANSWER = helium
Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School
Element Summary
Borax
Borosilicate glass
• Least representative of its
group
• found in borosilicate glass
(withstand extreme
differences in temp)
• main source = borax (Mojave
Desert); borax = cleaning
agent & fireproof insulation;
boric acid = disinfectant &
eye wash
• its nitride is the second
hardest known material
(superabrasive)
• ANSWER = boron
Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School
Element Summary
• This element has two
main allotropes
• 20% earth’s atmosphere,
• colorless, odorless gas
• needed for combustion
• produced in
photosynthesis
• most abundant element
in earth’s crust
• ANSWER = oxygen
Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School
Element Summary
• The only metal that is a
liquid at room
temperature
• toxic
• Forms amalgams
• ANSWER = mercury
Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School
Element Summary
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Transition metal that is found uncombined in nature
Good conductor, found in electrical wiring
Highly ductile
•ANSWER = copper
orangish-brown in color
Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School
Element Summary
• low m.p. (melt in hand)
• its arsenide is used in
semiconductor chips in
light-powered solar
calculators and solar
panels (10x more efficient
than Si chips)
• scientist using this element’s nitride to make blue laser
(triple storage capacity – shorter wavelength – also
increase speed and resolution of laser printers)
• ANSWER = galliumJodi Grack; Wayzata High School
Element Summary
• found as part of a compound in
fish, eggs, and grains (works w/
vit. E prevent cell damage;
prevent cancer growth?)
• “locoweed” plant – get sick
• can convert light into electricity –
used in solar panels
• photographers use in light meters
• photocopiers work because
charged particles of this element
create an “image” of item
• semiconductor
• ANSWER = selenium
Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School
Element Summary
• Toxic metal
• Has a low m.p
• maybe first obtained
from ore (due to low
m.p.)
• used to be used for eating
utensils, pipes
• additive in gas in paint
• currently used in storage
batteries
•
ANSWER
=
lead
Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School
Sources
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Silicon - www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/S/silicon.html
Silcon-quartz - www.mii.org/Minerals/photosil.html
Neon sign “Ne” - www.theodoregray.com/.../010/index.s9.html
Neon tube - www.assumption.edu/.../Spectra/LightSources.html
Hydrogen - www.theodoregray.com/.../001/index.s7.html
Bismuth - www.dkimages.com/.../Bismuth/Bismuth-3.html
Peptobismal - library.thinkquest.org/2824/Digestive.html
Calcium - www.tvel.ru/.../non-nuclear_products/calcium/
Limeston -www.dep.state.fl.us/.../marianna_limestone.htm
Argon – inert environment www.amrc.mmhosting.co.uk/research/index.php?p...
Argon – fill glass - www.csglaziers.co.uk/products.shtml
Argon blue sign - www.abercaraudio.co.uk
Argon light bulb - www.dkimages.com/.../Unassigned-52.html
Magnesium Ribbon - www.dkimages.com/.../Metals/Metals-106.html
Magnesium burning - www.uncp.edu/home/mcclurem/ptable/mg_2.jpg
Magnesium wheel - www.ocmazdaspeed.com/search.asp?txt=&cat=MAZD...
Magnesium ribbon - www.dkimages.com/.../Metals/Metals-106.html
Magnesium burning - www.uncp.edu/home/mcclurem/ptable/mg.htm
Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School
Sources
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Tin - cgi.ebay.com/TIN-Metal-Element-Shot-99.96--**...
Tin foil - www.istockphoto.com/file_closeup/?id=1241491...
Tin – bronze - www.interdnet.hu/csmw/prod05.htm
Tin – pewter pilgrim.ceredigion.gov.uk/index.cfm?articleid...
Lithium battery - www.medibix.com/.../company/company_id/43914
Lithium2 - library.thinkquest.org/C0113863/Lithium.shtml
Lithium pills - www.janethull.com/shop/index.php?main_page=in...
Beryllium ball - www.daviddarling.info/.../B/beryllium.html
Beryllium disc - www.americanelements.com/bem.html
Beryl - commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Beryll.jpg
Helium balloon - www.partywarehouse.co.nz/test/catalog/index.p..
Boron Carbide - qdmmm.en.alibaba.com/.../Sell_Boron_Carbide.html
Borosilicate glass - www.alibaba.com/.../CN-suppliers/Glass_Tube.html
Borax - chemistry.about.com/.../Borax.htm
Selenium - www.emporia.edu/.../go336/johnson/index.htm
Oxygen(both) - www.theodoregray.com/.../008/index.s9.html
Sodium-potassium pump - www.lionden.com/cell_animations.htm
Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School