Transcript Magnesium - EverettAreaMiddleSchoolScience

Magnesium
Courtney Kilgore
&
Shayla Edmonson
Magnesium
 Chemical
symbol - Mg
 Atomic number - 12
 Atomic mass - 24.305
 The group number - 2
 The period number - 3
Magnesium
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2D
Physical properties
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Magnesium has an appearance of a silvery and white shade. Among all
the structural metals, magnesium is the lightest. Its boiling point is 1090
degrees Celsius or 1994 degrees Fahrenheit. The metal also displays a
very good conductivity of heat and electricity. The structural metals are
generally used to build massive structures and buildings. Magnesium
however is rarely used in the structures in its free form due to its reactive
properties. It is, in such cases, used as an alloy. This metal can be
fabricated very easily. Pieces of magnesium can be welded, molded, cut
and shaped according to the requirements. About 2.1 percent of the earth's
crust contains magnesium. This volume makes magnesium the 6th most
found element. One of the biggest deposits of magnesium is found in the
sea water. It has been calculated by the scientists, that a cubic mile of
seawater contains about six million tones of magnesium. As mentioned in
the chemical properties, magnesium is also present in many other
compounds like dolomite, magnesium carbonate that is also known as
magnesite and magnesium sulfate which is also known by the name
epsomite.
Chemical properties
Magnesium is located among the alkaline earth metals on the periodic table.
This element belongs to the group 2 and period 3 of the periodic table and
has the atomic number 12. The average atomic mass of the element
magnesium is 24.305. It must be noted that Magnesium is a very reactive
metal and does not exist in a free state in nature. It reacts with a slow pace
with cold water and at a very rapid pace with hot water. The oxidation
process of magnesium is very rapid and if kept in open, a layer of oxidized
magnesium is formed on the surface of the metal. Magnesium also burns
very rapidly, when it is at room temperature. This burning process is very
furious as it produces a blinding white light. This metal also reacts with
almost all the acids and alkalizes, forming a variety of different compounds
and by products. Another important property of magnesium is that it
actively reacts with many non-metals such as nitrogen, phosphorous,
chlorine, sulfur, bromine, iodine and fluorine. Magnesium also readily
reacts with some other compounds such as carbon monoxide, carbon
dioxide, sulfur dioxide and nitric oxide.
The uses
Magnesium is used in pyrotechnic and incendiary devices. It
is alloyed with other metals to make them lighter and more
easily welded , with applications in the aerospace industry.
 Magnesium is added to many propellants.
 It is used as a reducing agent in the preparation of uranium
and other metals that are purified from their salts.
 Magnetite organic magnesium compounds have many uses.
 Magnesium is essential fore plant and animal nutrition.
 Chlorophyll is a magnesium-centered porphyry.
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The History
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Magnesium was originally named ‘magnium’ by
Humphrey Davy after the element from magnesia,
known now as magnesium oxide. The 1915 Nobel
prize is chemistry was awarded to Richard Wills
Tatter for his work with the chlorophyll and
identifying magnesium was the central atom in it’s
structure. Epsom salt a magnesium compound,
magnesium sulfate (Mg s04). Magnesium is the
10th most aberrant element in the human body.
Magnesium will burn in pure nitrogen gas and
pure carbon dioxide gas. Magnesium it’s the fifth
most common element fond in sea water.
Allotropes, Isotopes, or Important
Compounds
 Magnesium
has 21 known isotopes ranging from
Mg-20 to Mg-40. Magnesium has 3 stable isotopes
; Mg-24, Mg-25 and Mg-26
The Discovery
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Recognized as an element by black 1775; isolated by sir
Humphrey Davy 1808 (England)
1.
Random Facts
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Atomic weight - 24.305
Element classification – Alkaline Earth metal
Density (g/co) – 1,738
lattice constant (a) - 3.210
Atomic Radius (pm) – 160
lattice C/A Ratio – 1.624
Atomic volume (cc/mol) – 14.0
cas registry Number - 7439 -95-4
Covalent radius (pm) – 136
Inaccuracies – 66 (t2e)
Specific heat (@20’cj/g mol ) – 1.025
Appears – light weight, malleable, silvery – white metal
Fusion heat (kJ/mol): - 9.20
Evaporation heat (kJ/mol) –131.8
Debye temperature (k) – 318.00
Pauling negativity number – 1.31
First Ienizing energy (kJ/mol) – 737.3
Oxidation states – 2
Lattice stucture - Hexagonal