Transcript Renaissance+Power+Pointx

The Renaissance
Chapter 13
Lauren Pelaia
The Early Middle Ages
Dominance of Feudalism and Monorails
 Collapse of Roman Style Infrastructure
and Civilization
 Dominance of Roman Catholic Church

Late Middle Ages
The Basics
Renaissance = rebirth
 Italian peninsula = ideal location
 Wealth = plentiful
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The Renaissance in
Florence
In 15th century population 6,000
 Constantly at war with other city states
like Pisa
 First artistic and literary manifestations of
the Renaissance appeared here

Birthplace of Incredible Talent
Ghiberti
sculptor
Machiavelli
political scientist
Botticelli
artist
Brunelleschi
architect
Medici’s
bankers
Communes & Republics
Balance of Power
Renaissance Italians had a passionate
attachment to their individual city state
 Whenever one Italian state appeared to
gain a predominant position within the
peninsula, other states combined to
establish a balance of power against the
major threat
 Italy became the focus of international
ambitions and the battleground of foreign
armies
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Republic of Florence
Included the Republic of Genoa
 Center of the Renaissance during 1400s
and 1500s
 Dominated by Medici’s
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Duchy of Milan
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Ruled by Sforza family after 1450
Rome and the
Papal States
Popes served both as religious and
political leaders
 Controlled much of the central Italian
powers
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Venice / Venitian Republic
Longest lasting of the Italian city states
 Greatest maritime power in Italy
 One of the world’s greatest naval and
trade powers in the 14th and 15th
centuries
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Naples / Kingdom of the
Two Sicilies
Included South Italian region of Naples
and island of Sicily
 Only Italian city state to officially have a
King
 Controlled by France from 1266-1435
 Spain took control after 1435
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Decline of the City States
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French invasion began in 1494 (First Italian
war)
Ludovico “the moor” encouraged King
Charles VIII of France to invade Naples
This was the start of foreign invasions
throught the peninsula
Humanism
Secularism – valued life on earth
 Man shaper of his own destiny
 Religion interpretated as more realistic
 Italians wanted to celebrate man’s
achievements

Famous Italian Humanists
Petrarch (1304-1374):
Father of Humanism
Castiglione (1478-1529)
“The Courtier”
Mirandola (1463-1494):
“On the Dignity of Man”
Boccaccio(1313-1375)
“The Decameron”
Education
A life active in the world should be the
aim of all educated individuals
 Education benefitted the public good
 History, ethics and rhetoric

Christian Humanism
Also known as Northern Humanists
 Interested in an ethical way to life
 Best elements of classical and Christian
culture should be combined
 Use of reason over acceptance of dogma
 Erasmus

Erasmus (1466?-1536)
“The Praise of Folly
Printing
Developed in Germany in the middle of
the 15th century
 Johann Gutenburg
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Art
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In early Renaissance, art manifested
corporate power
Content and style differed from that in the
Middle Ages
Showed human ideals portrayed in a more
realistic style
1400s – Florence led the art movement
1500s – Rome led the art movement
Patrons were wealthy merchants and
bankers
Nude comes back in sculptors
New Artistic Terms

Chiaroscuro – using shadows to develop
depth
Sfumato – softening edges
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Fresco – plaster
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Contropasto – movement in sculpture
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Brunelleschi
Duomo,: Florence,
Italy
Famous Artists
Donatello
David
Da Vinci
“The Last Supper”
Raphael
“The Three Graces”
El Greco
“A View of Toledo
Van Eyck
“The Arnolfini Portrait”
Durer
“Christ Among the
Doctors”
Social Relationships
Groups by blood (Jews), traditions,
language and custom
 Difference in rights between nobles and
commoners
 Many moved into the nobility class
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Gender
More women were becoming wealthy
 Querelles de Femme – “Problem of Women”
 Women enjoyed increased access to
education
 Women chaste until marriage

Christine de Pizan
France
Hundred Years War left France drastically
depopulated
 Pragmatic Sanctions of Bourges
 Louis XI (Spider King)
 Concordat of Bologna

Louis XI of France
England
Population continued to decline due to
Black Death and War of Roses
 Court of Star Chamber
 Justice of the Peace
 Tudors won support of influential upper
middleclass because the Crown linked
government policy with the interests of
that class

Spain
Marriage of Ferdinand of Castile and
Isabella of Aragon united two dynamic
royal houses
 Invasion of Granada January 6 1942
 Reconquista
 Inquisition

Marriage of
Ferdinand and
Isabella