Transcript Renaissance
Power of the Church Catholic Church – Provided stability in an era of constant warfare and political turmoil – Pope Political figure – Religious Hierarchy Bishops Priests Power of the Church Pope as a political figure – Canon law System of justice to guide peoples’ conduct – Excommunication/Interdict Who is more powerful? King or Pope? – Funding Backed kings in time of war Established armies – Tithe Religious taxes – Conflicts between kings and Pope weaken power Renaissance What characterized the Renaissance??? Means “rebirth”—a revival of the arts and learning – Transition from a spiritual world to a secular one – Revival of the cultural heritage of ancient Greece and Rome – Recognition and importance of the individual What caused this transition in history??? ---- Renaissance: Reasons Black Death – Pandemic (1347-1351) Killed a third to two-thirds of Europe’s population. (Asia and Middle East) Total world death toll: 75 million people Black Death 1347 – Genovese trading ships reached Messina – All of crew infected or dead – Some ships found grounded on shoreline with no survivors – Looting lead to the spread 1347-1348 outbreak reached Venice What was affected more: cities or rural communities? Explain. Black Death Florence (Population) – 1338: 120,000 – 1351: 50,000 England (Lost 70% of population) – 7 million – 2 million by 1400 Were all social classes affected? Black Death What institution was affected the most? – Religion Monasteries Generation of clergy Church could not cure or explain outbreak – People lost faith in church officials – More secular politicians emerge after this period Black Death How did the Black Death transition the world from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance??? Reasons for Renaissance Black Death Humanism The Medici Family The Great Man argument Why Italy? Crusades made Italian city-states wealthy Strategic locations to control trade to Asia & Middle East Bankers loaned $$$ to govts. & churches to hire artists Much wealth accumulated Wealth appealing to many Turned away from piety Not anti-religious but… – A world without God is a better world True? False? Renaissance: Reasons Humanism Intellectual movement focused on human potential and achievements – Approved of self, human worth and individual dignity – Influenced movement back to classical traditions (Greece and Rome) – Popularized study of humanities History Philosophy Literature Political science – Affected all aspects of Renaissance How may the Church few humanism??? Renaissance: Reasons Medici Family Wealthiest family in Europe Dominated politics in Florence (13th-17th Century) Patrons of the arts – Galileo tutored Medici children Four moons of Jupiter are named after children Renaissance: Reasons Great Man Argument – Does circumstance create great thinkers or do great thinkers create circumstance? Legacies Changes in the Arts??? Changes in Society??? Printing – Inexpensive literature – Increased literacy – Published legal proceedings/maps/etc. Questioning of political structures/religious proceedings Focus on: • Facial expressions • Use of color • Amount of detail •Background •Use of light and shadow c. 12th century What is the major difference between the figures in the background of the painting and the figures in the foreground? What is the effect of this difference? Raphael: Marriage of the Virgin (1504)