Transcript A Rebirth of what??

THE
MIDDLE
AGES
What events of the Middle Ages affected the
development of the Renaissance
100 Years War
Black Plague the Decline of the church
Frankish King 46 yr reign, warrior King loved to fight.
Over 50 campaigns
Dominated Europe
Revived government and education
Not religious until 800 Pope asks for help crowns him
Holy Roman Emperor (HRE) Christian King Ruling
Christian people
Huge kingdom need strong government
AN AGREEMENT BETWEEN LORDS AND VASSALS
- VASSAL GET LAND (FIEF)
- MUST TAKE OATH OF LOYALTY
- PROMISE OF MILITARY AID
-PAY HOMAGE
- SERFS/PEASANTS TAKE OATH
TO SERVE VASSAL
SET UP MANOR
-USED AS MILITARY, FARMERS
-ALL JOBS AS WELL
-SERFS OATH WAS TO VASSAL
-PAYS HOMAGE TO VASSAL
-VASSAL USES IT TO PAY
HOMAGE TO LORD WHO PAYS KING
-
Mont St.
Michel
Church,
Castle,
Prison
1054 SCHISM
ALEXIS I ASKS POPE URBAN II FOR HELP
LAUNCH 1095
WIN JERUSALEM IN 1099
4 TOTAL CRUSADES
NONE MORE SUCCESSFUL THAN THE FIRST
Disease spread by rats
Proximity made it
spread faster
Comes from the East
Killed within days
Devastating effects on population
34% of population
of Europe dies
First appears in 1347 in Italy
Throughout Europe by 1353
French power and
development
Lasted off and on for 117
years
Battled for control of
France
Established French control
of mainland Europe and
removed British control
Peasant girl who leads France
to several victories
Betrayed by Charles VII
given over to British
Put on trial
Put to death for heresy
Rallied French forces to
victory
Helps develop nationalism
King John rules after Norman
conquest of England
Cruel and greedy King.
Fought many battles and lost
Magna Carta
Forced nobles to pay high taxes
King gives nobles certain rights.
Killed those who did not
Monarch must obey the law
Angry nobles force John to sign
Magna Carta
Protect the legal rights of people
King John
trial by jury
no unjust prison
speedy trial
can’t raise taxes
without permission of
nobles
Ancient greek way of
learning that was Used in
Medieval Europe, school
of thought that used
logic and reason to
support Christian beliefs.
7 sacraments helps church control
Baptism
people
Confirmation
Eucharist
-All people involved
Penance and Reconciliation
Anointing of the Sick -Covers every aspect of life.
Holy Orders
Matrimony
LAY (COMMON PERSON NOT PART OF A GROUP)
INVESTITURE ( Invest or present people with certain Power)
Clerical power in this instance
Battle between Pope Gregory and Holy Roman Emporer Henry
IV
Only the Pope could appoint and install bishops into office
Henry IV Bishops as royal Lords and under his control
Common law vs. Cannon law
Henry II vs Innocent III
UNAM SACTUM
Philip IV France vs.
Boniface VIII
Philip wanted Church to pay
taxes to help support war
with England
Boniface say NO
Going against pope is going
against God
Philip marches Captures and
releases Boniface
Power begins to shift
-Church moves from Rome to Avignon in
France for safety
-1305 -1378 all popes French
-Controlled by French Monarchs
-Pope Gregory XI returns Pope to Rome
1378 – Dies- Romans force election of Roman Pope
-Church splits 1378-1417
-1 pope in Rome Urban VI
-1 pope in Avignon Clement VII
-Hus (GR)
-Wycliffe (ENG) join the fray
-Rejects authority of papacy and excess
church
1409 Council of Pisa elects new pope
Alexander V (3 Popes)
1414-1418 Council of Constance elects new
pope (burns Hus at the stake)
DO NOW
TO WHAT EXTENT IS THE TERM “RENAISSANCE” A VALID
CONCEPT FOR A DISTINICT PERIOD IN EARLY MODERN
EUROPEAN HISTORY.
What are you answering?
How do you prove your point?
DO NOW
Take sheet of paper and write a thesis for the
question on it. Please be sure to not re-write the
question and list you 3 points of proof.
A Rebirth of what??
The Greeks and Romans
Ancient Culture
THE RENAISSANCE COULD BE
CONSIDERED A BRIDGE:
The Middle Ages
The Modern World
“By celebrating the beauty of nature and the
dignity of mankind, Renaissance artists and
scholars helped shape the intellectual and
cultural history of the modern world.”
WHAT IS THE RENAISSANCE??
-A 300 year period in Western Europe that marked the revival
of art, literature and learning.
- a transition period between medieval and modern Europe.
-A time of creativity and change in the areas ex. Politics,
culture,society and economics.
-A spiritual reawakening
- A renewed interest in the classical learning of the past.
Medieval Europe had been a fragmented feudal society
with an agricultural economy
Its thought and culture dominated by the church
Renaissance Europe, especially after the 14th century
was characterized by growing national consciousness,
Individualism and political centralization
An urban economy based on organized commerce and
capitalism
With ever greater lay and secular control of thought
culture and religion.
WHY ITALY??
-Center of Ancient Roman History.
-Italian cities survived the Middle Ages and
the Plague
-Milan, Florence, Genoa, and Venice in the
north Rome in the center and Naples in the
south all make an impact.
-Centers of trade
-Powerful merchant class evolves and
promotes a cultural rebirth.
Nations as we know
them today did not exist 
City States
What is a City State?
What are the advantages? Disadvantages?
1. Executive Bodies
– dominated by
the most powerful
families
2. Legislative or
advisory councils
3. Special
Commission
2% - 12% (depending
of the city) of the
male population in
these city-states
actually had the
right to vote.
Examples: Venice,
Siena, Lucca and
Florence (until the
Medici family)
Signori – run by
a single family.
Example: Milan
was ruled the
Sforza family
What does this
seem like that
exists in today’s
society?
Example: Venice –
its constitution had
a balance of
political interests
The doge – an
official elected for
life by the Senate –
executive authority
(like a monarch)
The Great Council
– 2,500 patricians –
elected a Senate
which represented
nobility - No one
represented the
peasants who were
½ the population
 Pope – the spiritual
prince
 He was elected for
life by cardinals
 Ran just like any
other city-state
 There was a
declining role of the
papacy over the
city-states after the
Babylonian Captivity
Niccolo Machiavelli Political
theorist
The ends Justify the
means
It is better to be feared
than loved
Why was it so
necessary in
this type of
political
environment to
have a strong
military?
 Development of
banking – How
does this help to
stimulate the
economy?
 Florence’s
currency the gold
florin became the
standard currency
in European trade.
Positives?
They were able
to provide credit to
purchasers –
stimulating trade.
International
Trade
Negatives?
Risky – the King of
England had forced
Florentine merchants
to loan him money –
he defaulted when he
failed during an
invasion of France in
the 100 years’ War –
many bankers went
into bankruptcy.
POPULO GROSSO: “fat people” – 5%
of the population – elite/nobles,
wealthy merchants, and
manufacturers.
MEDIOCI: middle – smaller
merchants and master artisans.
POPULO MINUTO: “little people” –
bulk of the urban population.
There was some social mobility – Why?
What were the social classes based
on?
 Center of the Southern Renaissance
 Why? Why did it become the center of the
Renaissance?
1. The Arno Rivier – which flowed through the
port of Pisa, helped trade and commerce
(Florence conquered Pisa)
2. Medici Family – encouraged a cultural
movement
3. City honored accomplishments of citizens
4. Education – many schools(civic as well as
private) – university – highest literacy rate
in Europe
Wealthy Banking Family – provided stability
Bank of the Pope _ John XXIII
Banished rival clans
Manipulated electoral process
Cosimo’s Grandson – survived an assassination
attempt – hours later enemies of the family were
hanging upside down from a government building –
including the archbishop of Pisa
Botticelli was commissioned to paint them as
they swung.
Gutenberg – development of
Printing
Diffusion of a variety of
Histories
Treatises
Biographies
Autobiographies and poems
LIBRARIES
Scholasticism  Humanism
The study of law, medicine
and theology
To
The study of grammar,
rhetoric, and metaphysics
-An intellectual movement, study of
classic culture of Greece and Rome.
-focus on worldly subjects rather
than religious issues.
-Use wisdom of ancients to increase
the understanding of their own
times
-Education should stimulate a
person creativity
-Humanist do not accept texts
without question but, studied them
in light of their own experiences.
Leonardo Da Vinci
Petrarch – Tuscan poet – copied
ancient works from manuscripts
Discovered texts no one new
about
Inspired successors to find and
copy other classical manuscripts